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Multiomics for an individual patient: Relevance and possibilities
(Megan Ball, 2026) Shom Prakash Kushwaha, Syed Misbahul Hasan, Arun Kumar, Akash Vedb, Kuldeep Singh, Abdul Hafeez, Poonam Kushwaha, Shweta Singh, Manisha Pandeyd, Bidhyut Dubey
Precision medicine has turned attention away from universal treatment paradigms and toward those that take into consideration each patient’s distinctive molecular profile (Friedman et al., 2015). This shift is especially important in oncology, where responses to therapy may be highly varied depending on genetic mutations, signaling pathways, epigenetic control, and tumor–host interactions. The convergence of multiomics analysis and integration of information from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics layers represents a strong tool to unravel
cancer at an individual level (He et al., 2023). In contrast to single-omic approaches, multiomics represents the tumor biology from a multidimen-sional perspective, facilitating a better understanding of disease mechanisms, precise prognosis, and highly personalized treatment regimens (Raufaste-
Cazavieille et al., 2022).
This chapter delves into the clinical potential and relevance of multio-mics for the individual cancer patient. It underscores how the integration of heterologous molecular data enhances diagnostic accuracy, treatment choice, and outcome assessment. Through the analysis of existing tools, applications, case illustrations, and upcoming trends, we shall underscore how multiomics is revolutionizing cancer treatment from empiric to genuinely individualized treatment choices.
Polymer Electronics: Materials, Device Physics, Processing Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Trends
(Book Rivers, 2026) Ayan Mustafa Khan, Saima Beg, Suhaib Kidwai, Syed Hasan Saeed
Polymer electronics has developed from the early study of electrically conducting plastics into a broad materials and device platform encompassing conjugated semiconductors, intrinsically conducting polymers, polymer dielectrics, ionic conductors, electroactive polymers and multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Its technological value comes from combining electronic or electrochemical functionality with low density, mechanical compliance, chemical tunability, solution processability and compatibility with low-temperature or large-area manufacturing. This chapter provides a research-oriented review of polymer electronics, covering molecular structure, doping, charge and ion transport, morphology, interfaces, fabrication, device physics, reliability and applications. Particular attention is given to PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline, polypyrrole, P3HT, donor–acceptor conjugated polymers, polymer dielectrics and organic mixed ionic– electronic conductors. Major devices—including organic field- effect transistors, organic electrochemical transistors, polymer light- emitting devices, organic photovoltaics, thermoelectric generators, sensors, memories and soft bioelectronic interfaces—are compared using representative performance metrics. Mathematical relationships for conductivity, field-effect transport, OECT transconductance, photovoltaic conversion, thermoelectric performance and strain sensing are introduced. Recent literature from 2020–2026 is synthesized to identify trends in flexible and wearable electronics, biointegration, printed manufacturing, neuromorphic computing, sustainability and molecularly engineered polymer semiconductors. The analysis shows that future progress will depend less on maximizing a single material property and more on co-optimizing molecular structure, film morphology, contacts, mechanics, packaging, process variability and system requirements. Major unresolved issues include long-term environmental stability, n-type transport, device-to-device variation, scalable patterning, reliable encapsulation, sustainable materials processing and end-of-life management. The chapter proposes a materials-to-system research framework that can guide experimental studies and technology translation.
Reimagining Patient Care Through Convergent Technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Connected Health, Wearable Intelligence, and Clinical Robotics
(Book Rivers, 2026) Shailendra Kumar, Munazzer Ansari, Rajender Kumar, Z. H. Khan, S. Hasan Saeed, N. R. Kidwai
Modern healthcare delivery is transitioning away from the episodic, hospital-bound conventions that have defined clinical practice since the early twentieth century (Lu et al., 2020; World Health Organization [WHO], 2025). Historically structured around post- symptomatic rescue medicine, the sector is being reshaped by the intersection of four technological disciplines: artificial intelligence (AI), connected telemetry through the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), wearable biosensing hardware, and clinical robotics. Interpreted through Sociotechnical Systems Theory and the 4P medical paradigm (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory), this chapter evaluates how continuous biometric observation pairs with machine learning inferences to inform physical robotic intervention and clinical workflows). Beyond the technical mechanisms of closed-loop systems-such as automated insulin infusion, ambulatory arrhythmia tracking, and robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation-we examine systemic vulnerabilities that threaten clinical translation. These vulnerabilities include deep- learning epistemic opacity, demographic training biases, ambiguous malpractice liability under distributed agency, surveillance extraction, and an unequal digital divide between high-income environments and developing regions. Finally, we translate recent international governance frameworks into actionable recommendations for engineering curricula, clinical workflows, and national regulatory policies.
Applied Human Physiology for Physiotherapists
(Lampros Press, 2026) Nafiya, Saliha Rafat, Abdur Raheem Khan
Physiology provides the scientific foundation for understanding how the human body functions at rest, during physical activity, and in response to injury, disease, and rehabilitation. For physiotherapists, knowledge of physiology is essential because therapeutic exercise, functional training, manual therapy, respiratory interventions, cardiovascular rehabilitation, and sports rehabilitation all depend on the body's physiological responses and adaptations.
Essential physiology for physiotherapy includes an understanding of homeostasis, neuromuscular function, cardiovascular and respiratory responses, energy metabolism, exercise responses, thermoregulation, autonomic control, and physiological adaptation to training. During exercise, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems increase oxygen delivery to active tissues, while skeletal muscle increases ATP production to meet metabolic demands. These responses are coordinated by neural, hormonal, and local mechanisms. Regular exercise can produce beneficial adaptations in cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, metabolic efficiency, and autonomic regulation.
Physiological principles also help physiotherapists interpret clinical measurements such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, perceived exertion, exercise tolerance, and recovery responses. Understanding normal physiological responses enables therapists to identify abnormal responses and modify exercise intensity appropriately. The application of physiology is therefore not limited to theoretical knowledge; it directly influences patient assessment, exercise prescription, monitoring, safety, and outcome evaluation. This chapter discusses the major physiological principles relevant to physiotherapy practice and explains their clinical significance in musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary, geriatric, and sports rehabilitation.
Professional Roles, Ethics, and Responsibilities in Physical Therapy
(Lampros Press, 2026) Naila Zaheen, Anum Mukarram, Abdur Raheem Khan
Physiotherapy has become an increasingly important component of contemporary healthcare, contributing to health promotion, prevention, rehabilitation, and long-term management of movement-related conditions. This chapter outlines the roles, responsibilities, competencies, and practice settings of physiotherapists. It discusses clinical assessment, intervention, patient education, prevention, care planning, interprofessional collaboration, and the growing use of advanced and extended-scope roles. Physiotherapists may work across emergency and acute care, primary and community care, musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiorespiratory, pain, and sports services. The chapter also highlights competencies required for safe and effective practice, including clinical reasoning, communication, leadership, adaptability, ethical practice, and evidence-informed decision-making.