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Recent Submissions
Pectin Quantification in Citrus Peels
(Humana, New York, NY, 2026) Priyanka Dubey, Rahul Singh, Alvina Farooqui, Owais Yousuf
Citrus peel waste, a major by-product of citrus fruit processing, is an abundant source of pectin, a polysaccharide with significant industrial value due to its gelling, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. This chapter explores methodologies for extracting, quantifying, and characterizing pectin, focusing on sustainability and maximizing economic efficiency. Various approaches are discussed in detail, including gravimetric, titrimetric, colorimetric, and spectrophotometric methods. Advanced techniques like FTIR and HPLC provide precise insights into pectin’s structural and functional attributes. Protocols such as alcohol precipitation, calcium pectate precipitation, and carbazole assays are evaluated for their accuracy, efficiency, and reproducibility. By comparing the strengths and limitations of different methods, this chapter provides a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals to estimate pectin in a constructive and precise manner. It emphasizes the potential of citrus peel waste as a sustainable, high-value ingredient, contributing to environmental conservation and economic sustainability.
Integrated omics platforms for biobutanol fermentation employing extremophiles
(De Gruyter, 2025) Gaurav Yadav, Surati Kumari, Aneesha Polisety, Priyanka Prajapati, Devendra Singh, Sam Joy, Iffat Zareen Ahmad
The role of microbes as biocontrol agents and plant protectors: guardians of the rhizosphere
(Academic Press, 2026) Talat Ilyas, Saba Firdaus, Mohammad Shahid, Nida Fatima, Alvina Farooqui
Plants are consistently subject to a myriad of phytopathogens, including fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can noticeably diminish the productivity of vital crops on a global scale, with annual crop yield reductions ranging from about 20%–40% attributable to various pathogenic diseases. While the applications of chemical pesticides have proven to be effective in managing numerous diseases in primary crops, the overutilization of synthetic chemicals stimulates adverse consequences for both the environment and human health, thereby deterring the implementation of pesticides within the agricultural domain. Consequently, researchers globally have redirected their investigative efforts towards alternative, environmentally sustainable methodologies aimed at decreasing plant diseases. A diverse array of biological control agents is presently accessible for applications; however, extensive research is imperative to determine potential microbial species and their associated natural products that exhibit broad-spectrum antagonistic properties for the management of crop diseases.
Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
(Book Rivers, 2026) Priyanshu Verma, Syed Mohd Amir
This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), emphasizing their fundamental magnetic behavior, synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and multidisciplinary applications. The discussion begins with the physics of nanoscale magnetism, including single-domain formation, superparamagnetism, magnetic anisotropy, and blocking temperature. Various synthesis approaches such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal, sol gel, and vapor-phase methods are presented, along with the importance of surface functionalization for enhancing stability and functionality. The chapter further reviews advanced characterization techniques including X- ray diffraction, electron microscopy, scattering methods, magnetometry, and thermal analysis for understanding structure property relationships. Finally, major applications of MNPs in spintronics, catalysis, environmental remediation, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, bio-sensing, energy storage, and smart materials are highlighted. The chapter aims to provide a clear and interdisciplinary understanding of the scientific principles and technological significance of functional magnetic nanoparticles.
Quantum Entanglement: From Conceptual Origins to Practical Applications
(Book Rivers, 2026) Danish Quamar, Syed Mohd Amir
Quantum entanglement is one of the most fundamental and intriguing phenomena in quantum mechanics, revealing correlations between quantum systems that cannot be explained by classical physics. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the conceptual foundations, theoretical framework, experimental realization, and technological applications of quantum entanglement. Beginning with the historical debates initiated by Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen, and Schrödinger, the discussion highlights the emergence of entanglement as a central feature of quantum theory and its connection to non-locality through Bell's theorem. The mathematical formalism of entangled states, including Hilbert spaces, tensor products, Bell states, density matrices, and entanglement entropy, is introduced to provide a rigorous theoretical understanding. The chapter further examines experimental verification through spontaneous parametric down-conversion and Bell inequality tests, including recent loophole free experiments. In addition, current developments in India, such as the National Quantum Mission and satellite-based quantum communication initiatives, are discussed. Major applications of entanglement in quantum communication, quantum teleportation, quantum computing, and quantum networks are reviewed, emphasizing their transformative potential for future technologies. Finally, the chapter outlines ongoing challenges and future prospects, highlighting the crucial role of entanglement in the development of next-generation quantum systems and the emerging quantum internet.