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Instrumental Methods of Analysis
(JEC PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES (JEC PRESS UNIT), 2025) AISHA KAMAL; MAYURESH K. RAUT, TARIGOPPULA. SUNITHA, ANAP HARSHALI NARAYAN, VISHAL BIBHISHAN KALE
Bioinspired Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration and Environmental Impact
(Springer, Cham, 2025) Anas Islam, Ambareen Fatima Ahmed, Widhilika Singh, Md. Faiyazuddin, Usama Ahmad , Faiyaz Shakeel
Bioinspired scaffolds are revolutionizing the field of tissue regeneration by mimicking the complex structures and functionalities of natural tissues. The concepts of bioinspiration are examined in this chapter, along with how natural patterns might be adapted into artificial scaffolds to improve tissue regeneration and repair. Along with cutting-edge manufacturing techniques including electrospinning, 3D printing, and self-assembly approaches, it covers a variety of bioinspired scaffold types, such as polymer-based, ceramic-based, composite, and nanostructured scaffolds. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes how crucial scaffold functionalization is for enhancing bioactivity, cell adhesion, and proliferation. It also discusses how the manufacture of scaffolds affects the environment, highlighting the need of sustainable processes and eco-friendly materials. Examples from the fields of bone, cartilage, skin, and brain tissue engineering show how bioinspired scaffolds may be used practically and effectively. The difficulties, prospects, and possibilities of bioinspired scaffolds in promoting tissue engineering while reducing environmental effect are covered in the chapter’s conclusion.
Role of nitrogen sources in the Production of C-Phycocyanin from Cyanobacteria
(Aargon Press, New Delhi, 2021) Safia Baig, Gauresh Sharama, Eram Shakeel, Archana Vimal
Cyanobacteria are gram-negative prokaryotes and also called blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria, or Cyanophyta that carry out photosynthesis to get their energy. They have originated 3.5 billion years ago, They are a significant part of the marine nitrogen cycle and also a primary producer in many areas of the ocean, but are also found in other habitats like freshwater lakes, soil, etc. they do not have flagella therefore they show their motility by gliding. They reproduce asexually. They have four layered cell walls made up of Peptidoglycan. They produce a large amount and a large number of secondary metabolites Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria. Some cyanobacteria also produce some toxins as well as bioactive compounds. Also, they have a cholesterol-lowering effect in animals and humans. Cyanobacteria are very helpful to humans as it has a wide range of applications in food, pharma, cosmetic, fuel, fertilizer, and pollution control. Phycobiliproteins, found in cyanobacteria are used as a natural color in food, medicines, and cosmetics. Cyanobacteria used local basic resources like pH, temperature, incubation time, salinity, carbon and nitrogen sources, and amino acids to enhance the production of bioactive components. In cyanobacteria, the main component used for photosynthesis is chlorophyll-s chlorophyll-b and chlorophyli-care absent. In addition, cyanobacteria produce some other metabolites like Cryptophycin, Cyanovirin-N, and Borophycin.
COMBATING BULK AND NANO METAL TOXICITY USING CYANOBACTERIA
(Aargon Press, New Delhi, 2021) Zairish Imran , Reena Vishvakarma
Heavy metal toxicity in the ecosystem is a major environmental concern which needs urgent preventive and combating measures. A very common organism found in the aquatic ecosystem is cyanobacterium that tends to accumulate the heavy metals in polluted water bodies. Cyanobacteria ingests the heavy metal ions and either detoxify or metabolize the beavy metals, thus reduce the toxicity from the environment as well as act as a bioindicator to assess the chemical risk to the ecosystem. Cyanobacteria are well adapted to environmental stress conditions and have a robust antioxidant mechanism to fight any reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to the biotic or abiotic stress that cause cytotoxicity and oxidative damage. Transcriptome and proteome study of cyanobacteria involved in combating heavy metal toxicity reveals that stress induced proteins are generated that help the organism to adapt to the stress condition. A better understanding of the mechanism employed by cyanobacteria to combat metal toxicity can be delineated through more detailed molecular level study.
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION OF POLYMERS
(Aargon Press, New Delhi, 2021) Ramsha Ahrar, Reena Vishvakarma
Biodegradable polymers are a novel and promising alternative to non-biodegradable plastics that find application in mostly every commodity today due to their strength and malleability. The major concern in using non-biodegradable plastics is their degradation as it is highly demanding process and is not possible to eliminate the polymers completely. This possesses negative impact on the environment. Biodegradable polymers such as Polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHAs) accumulate in bacteria as insoluble granules of which Poly-3-hydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are the most common. The intra- and extra-cellular degradation of PHBs can be achieved easily through biocatalyst PHB depolymerase enzyme which have reported to be isolated from microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungus. Some common microorganisms as the source of PHB depolymerase are Pseudomonas lemoigne Comamonas sp., Acidovoraxfaecalis, Aspergillus fumigates, and Variovorax paradoxus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas strutzeri, Future studies on finding novel sources of biopolymer degrading enzyme PHB depolymerase will open new arena for efficient polymer degradation. Using enzymes with better catalytic efficiency.