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A Regression in Protection? Health Data, Sensitive Personal Information, and the DPDP Act, 2023
(Book Rivers, 2026) Somya Srivastava
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 marks the formal arival of a comprehensive personal data protection regime in India. Yet it does so by jettisoning a foundational architectural feature that successive earlier drafts and almost every comparable jurisdiction-had insisted upon: the separate category of "sensitive personal data" warranting heightened protection. Health data, more than any other class of information, was the principal beneficiary of that architecture. Its absence from the 2023 Act is not a drafting omission but a deliberate policy choice. This chapter argues that the choice represents a regression in protection. By placing a citizen's mental-health records, HIV status, and Ayushman Bharat health identifier on the same legal footing as her shopping cart, the DPDP Act flattens a regulatory landscape that the Information Technology (SPDI) Rules, 2011, the Srikrishna Committee Report, the 2019 Bill, and the constitutional decision in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India had each in their own register insisted must remain stratified. Read against the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, this flattening produces a peculiar paradox: the State has built a federated digital health infrastructure of unprecedented scale even as it has dismantled the very statutory This chapter situates the regression in its doctrinal, comparative, category that made such infrastructure constitutionally tolerable.
Pectin Quantification in Citrus Peels
(Humana, New York, NY, 2026) Priyanka Dubey, Rahul Singh, Alvina Farooqui, Owais Yousuf
Citrus peel waste, a major by-product of citrus fruit processing, is an abundant source of pectin, a polysaccharide with significant industrial value due to its gelling, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. This chapter explores methodologies for extracting, quantifying, and characterizing pectin, focusing on sustainability and maximizing economic efficiency. Various approaches are discussed in detail, including gravimetric, titrimetric, colorimetric, and spectrophotometric methods. Advanced techniques like FTIR and HPLC provide precise insights into pectin’s structural and functional attributes. Protocols such as alcohol precipitation, calcium pectate precipitation, and carbazole assays are evaluated for their accuracy, efficiency, and reproducibility. By comparing the strengths and limitations of different methods, this chapter provides a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals to estimate pectin in a constructive and precise manner. It emphasizes the potential of citrus peel waste as a sustainable, high-value ingredient, contributing to environmental conservation and economic sustainability.
Integrated omics platforms for biobutanol fermentation employing extremophiles
(De Gruyter, 2025) Gaurav Yadav, Surati Kumari, Aneesha Polisety, Priyanka Prajapati, Devendra Singh, Sam Joy, Iffat Zareen Ahmad
The role of microbes as biocontrol agents and plant protectors: guardians of the rhizosphere
(Academic Press, 2026) Talat Ilyas, Saba Firdaus, Mohammad Shahid, Nida Fatima, Alvina Farooqui
Plants are consistently subject to a myriad of phytopathogens, including fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can noticeably diminish the productivity of vital crops on a global scale, with annual crop yield reductions ranging from about 20%–40% attributable to various pathogenic diseases. While the applications of chemical pesticides have proven to be effective in managing numerous diseases in primary crops, the overutilization of synthetic chemicals stimulates adverse consequences for both the environment and human health, thereby deterring the implementation of pesticides within the agricultural domain. Consequently, researchers globally have redirected their investigative efforts towards alternative, environmentally sustainable methodologies aimed at decreasing plant diseases. A diverse array of biological control agents is presently accessible for applications; however, extensive research is imperative to determine potential microbial species and their associated natural products that exhibit broad-spectrum antagonistic properties for the management of crop diseases.
Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
(Book Rivers, 2026) Priyanshu Verma, Syed Mohd Amir
This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), emphasizing their fundamental magnetic behavior, synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and multidisciplinary applications. The discussion begins with the physics of nanoscale magnetism, including single-domain formation, superparamagnetism, magnetic anisotropy, and blocking temperature. Various synthesis approaches such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal, sol gel, and vapor-phase methods are presented, along with the importance of surface functionalization for enhancing stability and functionality. The chapter further reviews advanced characterization techniques including X- ray diffraction, electron microscopy, scattering methods, magnetometry, and thermal analysis for understanding structure property relationships. Finally, major applications of MNPs in spintronics, catalysis, environmental remediation, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, bio-sensing, energy storage, and smart materials are highlighted. The chapter aims to provide a clear and interdisciplinary understanding of the scientific principles and technological significance of functional magnetic nanoparticles.