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Questioning Skill in Teaching
(Swarundra Publication, 2026) Saba Parveen
The idea and significance of questioning skills in the teaching-learning process are the main topics of this chapter. A key and successful teaching strategy that encourages students' active engagement, critical thinking, and meaningful learning is questioning. The meaning, goals, and many question types-including open-ended and closed-ended questions, as well as lower-order and higher-order questions-are explained in this chapter. Additionally, it emphasizes the levels of inquiry based on Benjamin Bloom's theories, which aid in the development of learners' diverse cognitive capacities.
The chapter also covers key strategies for effective questioning, including careful preparation, logical order, the use of probing questions, and promoting student involvement. It also describes how educators may foster a welcoming and student-focused environment. The application of inquiry in classroom communication, additionally covered are online learning and formative, summative, and diagnostic assessments. Additionally, typical obstacles and mistakes in questioning are noted, along with recommendations for enhancements.
In general, the chapter highlights the importance of effective questioning techniques for fostering critical thinking, enhancing learning outcomes, and accomplishing the objectives of contemporary education as stated in the National Education Policy 2020.
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract and its Characterization
(Book Rivers, 2026) Mohd. Samiullaha, Mohd Arsh Khana, Qazi Inamur Rahmana, Abdul Rahman Khana
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a transformative technology with diverse applications across various industries such as environmental science, healthcare, renewable energy, and agriculture. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved by harnessing the unique attributes of nanoparticles, including their elevated surface-area-to-volume ratio and enhanced reactivity, to address crucial sustainability challenges. However, traditional methods for synthesizing nanoparticles often involve energy-intensive processes and hazardous chemicals, prompting concerns about resource utilization and environmental impact. In turn, there has been a growing interest in the sustainable alternative of green synthesis, particularly through plant-mediated production, which utilizes naturally occurring plant biomolecules as stabilizers and reducing agents. Furthermore, this process offers a sustainable, cost-effective method for producing biocompatible nanoparticles while minimizing environmental impact. This chapter explores how green-synthesized nanoparticles, such as gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs), can advance sustainable development projects. The discussion focuses on the role of bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, in reducing metal ions and stabilizing nanoparticles during the production of plant-based NPs. The quality and safety of these nanoparticles depend on a range of characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and DLS. These methods offer insight into the size, shape, crystalline structure, and surface chemistry of the particles. Nanoparticles produced through green synthesis show great potential for various sustainable applications. They can purify water from pollutants, enhance the efficiency of solar cells, improve crop resilience using nano-fertilizers, and offer antibacterial properties for medical purposes. Nevertheless, several barriers impede their widespread adoption. Variability in plant biochemistry undermines the reproducibility of synthesis, making it challenging to scale up production for industrial purposes. Moreover, there is uncertainty about the potential long-term impacts of NPs on the environment and human health, underscoring the need for comprehensive ecotoxicological studies and regulatory guidelines.
Green Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications
(Book Rivers, 2026) Mohd Arsh Khan, Qazi Inamur Rahman, Abdul Rahman Khan
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a transformative technology with diverse applications across various industries such as environmental science, healthcare, renewable energy, and agriculture. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved by harnessing the unique attributes of nanoparticles, including their elevated surface-area-to-volume ratio and enhanced reactivity, to address crucial sustainability challenges. However, traditional methods for synthesizing nanoparticles often involve energy-intensive processes and hazardous chemicals, prompting concerns about resource utilization and environmental impact. In turn, there has been a growing interest in the sustainable alternative of green synthesis, particularly through plant-mediated production, which utilizes naturally-occurring plant biomolecules as stabilizers and reducing agents. Furthermore, this process offers a sustainable and cost-effective method to produce biocompatible nanoparticles while also minimizing their impact on the environment.
This chapter delves into exploring how green-synthesized nanoparticles, such as gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs), contribute to advancing sustainable development projects. The discussion focuses on the role of bioactive substances such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in reducing metal ions and maintaining the stability of nanoparticles in the production of plant-based NPs. The quality and safety of these nanoparticles rely on various characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and DLS. These methods offer insight into the size, shape, crystalline structure, and surface chemistry of the particles.
Nanoparticles produced through green synthesis show great potential for various sustainable applications. They have the ability to purify water from pollutants, enhance the efficiency of solar cells, improve crop resilience through the use of nano-fertilizers, and offer antibacterial properties for medical purposes. Nevertheless, several barriers impede their widespread adoption. The variability of plant biochemistry influences the reproducibility of synthesis, making it challenging to scale up production for industrial purposes. Moreover, there is uncertainty regarding the potential impact of NPs on the environment and human health over time, highlighting the need for comprehensive ecotoxicological studies and regulatory guidelines.
Gender Inequality in the Workplace-Addressing the Wage Gap and Limited Representation of Women in Leadership Positions
(Integrity Education Publishing, 2026) Reshma Haya
Despite remarkable progress in education, political participation, and economic involvement, women continue to encounter systemic discrimination in workplaces worldwide. Gender inequality remains deeply embedded in organizational structures, wage systems, leadership pipelines, and workplace culture. Women often earn less than men for similar work, remain concentrated in lower-paying sectors, and face invisible barriers preventing them from reaching leadership roles. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as the gender wage gap and glass ceiling effect, has become a central concern in contemporary discussions on economic justice and workplace equality. This chapter explores the structural causes of workplace gender inequality, particularly focusing on wage disparities and underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. It examines historical roots of discrimination, societal stereotypes, unpaid care responsibilities, workplace harassment, occupational segregation, and legal shortcomings. The chapter also discusses global and Indian perspectives, supported by statistical trends, landmark judicial decisions, policy frameworks, and corporate initiatives. Through a human- centered lens, this chapter highlights not only institutional barriers but also the lived experiences of women balancing ambition, family expectations, motherhood, and workplace discrimination. It argues that true economic growth cannot occur without gender-inclusive workplaces and equitable leadership structures.
Emerging Technologies for Plastic Waste Breakdown
(Infinite Research, 2025) Roohi, Rashmi Dubey, Shaik Alla Nazeer, V. B. R. Krishnan K