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Nutritional Analysis and Evaluation of Food Products Made from Date Seed Powder
(Book Rivers, 2026) Mantasha Mirza, Abdul Rahman Khan, Iqbal Azad
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a historic fruit plant integral to Middle Eastern cultures, including those of Saudi Arabia. People typically consume the fruit of the date palm but often discard the nutrient-rich seeds. This study explores the potential of date seeds for developing high-nutrient food products. Chemical analysis determined the nutritional content of date seed flour, which was then used to evaluate various food products. The objectives were: i. To develop a method for producing date seed flour and determine its nutritional profile. ii. To assess various food items produced using date seed flour and scrutinize their nutritional composition. The study also explored the preparation of date seed-based dips and a caffeine- free coffee alternative. The production of date seed powder involved washing, sun-drying, roasting, and storing the seeds. The nutritional analysis showed 3.4% moisture, 10.03% protein, 78.97% carbohydrates, 6% fat, and 1.6% ash. Two dip variations were created: one with honey and date seed powder, and another with tamarind and date seed powder, showcasing the nutritional potential of date seeds. This study emphasizes the value of date seed powder in developing novel food products and highlights its potential as a sustainable, nutritious caffeine-free coffee alternative.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Polymeric Disposable Items
(Book Rivers, 2026) Nafees Ahmad, Arshad Iqbal, Iqbal Azad, Naseem Ahmad
Exposure to heavy metals in our environment continues to pose considerable risks to both human and animal health. The main aim of this study was to monitor the concentrations of heavy metals in leachates from different brands of locally made plastic disposable items commonly used across different districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study was carried out under various simulated conditions to determine heavy metal concentrations in accordance with BIS, IP, and other international guidelines using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the presence of metals was in the range of 0.21 -1.12, 0.003-0.118, 0.-1.099, 0.120- 1.111, 0.011-0.900, 0.067-0.211, and 0-0.19 (ppm) for Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, and Mn, respectively. A comparison of the mean concentrations of these metals analyzed in different samples showed the following pattern.
Ni> Pb> Zn> Mn> Cr> Co> Cd.
An Introduction to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Chalcones
(Book Rivers, 2026) Mohd Akil, Naseem Ahmad, Kajal Singh, Shruti Srivastava, Abdul Rahman Khan, Iqbal Azad
Aldehydes and ketones are used in the aldol condensation reaction to develop carbon-carbon bonds, which effectively synthesises new compounds. The synthesis of chalcone derivatives is increasingly using this process. These derivatives are vital to natural product and drug production. This study highlights the importance and recent advances in aldol condensation-mediated chalcone derivative synthesis. An enolate ion from one of these substances’ nucleophilically attacks an aldehyde or ketone's carbonyl group. If the aldol product undergoes further dehydration, it produces an unsaturated chalcone. Lewis’s acids and bases such as amines, hydroxides, and alkoxides can catalyse the process. Aldol condensation-mediated chalcone derivative synthesis has improved with efficient, selective catalysts, substrate diversity, and reaction condition optimization. Additionally, novel reaction media improve reaction efficiency and environmental sustainability. These include ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. The aldol condensation reaction is versatile, making it straightforward to add functional groups and modify chalcone derivative structures. Because of these changes, it is now easier to synthesise various derivatives from chalcones that have better bioactivity and pharmacology. This chapter discusses different methods for the synthesis of chalcone derivatives.
Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Supported on Biochar
(Book Rivers, 2026) Iqbal Azad, Hammnah Ali, Arshad Iqbal, Nafees Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Khan, Naseem Ahmad
This study aims to report the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) supported on biochar composites, using plant extract as a reducing and capping agent. It focuses on optimizing several key factors, including contact time, concentration, and dosage, to maximize degradation efficiency against toxic pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This approach presents a feasible strategy for the bioremediation of pollutants. Remediation is an emerging and rapidly advancing technique in the field of nanotechnology, employing biosynthesised NPs for pollutant remediation. By combining the benefits of biochar and NPs, new biochar-blended NPs materials like nano-biochar and nanocomposites can help solve many of today's environmental problems in the long term. Active functional groups, a porous structure, a high surface area, catalytic degradation capabilities, and the ease of pollutant recovery or separation typically enhance these materials.
Removal of Orange G and Heavy Metals using Chitosan-coated Bamboo Biochar
(Book Rivers, 2026) Abdul Faiz Ansari, Iqbal Azad , Naseem Ahmad
Bamboo is widely used as scaffolding in construction and building projects. However, over 50,000 tons of bamboo scaffolding waste are disposed of as landfill waste each year. Nevertheless, these wastes can be used as raw materials for the production of a range of high-value-added activated carbons. The bamboo cane can be heated (charred) at a high temperature in the presence of selected activation chemicals to produce activated carbons for various applications e.g. adsorbents, and catalysts. The present investigation was intended for the absorption of Heavy Metals i.e. Pb and Cu and Dyes Orange G with Bamboo activated charcoal. The bamboo charcoal was activated using ZnCl2 and was coated with Chitosan. The study and graphical analysis proved that for Dyes on increasing the dose of 1:1 Beads adsorbent the adsorption capacity significantly increases whereas for 1:2 Powder adsorbent, the adsorption capacity was independent of dosage as a slight adsorption increase was visible. For the adsorption of copper metal both the adsorbent materials showed the same adsorption capacity and lead showed the best result for increased contact time of 1:2 powder.