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Machine Learning Approaches to Rational Drug Design
(Springer, 2020) Salman Akhtar, Mohammad Kalim Ahmad Khan, Khwaja Osama
Pharmaceutical industries are multibillionaire setups with a diligent team ofscientists, researchers, technical manpower, and investors. A major concern ofsuch industries is to always curtail the time and cost factor associated with them.Bioinformatics involving machine learning (ML) methods have come to theforefront to address this problem. The predictive and statistical efficacy of MLmethodologies has even proven to propose better leads than a wet lab pipeline.This chapter aims to give a brief overview of underlying principles of mainly GAsand ANNs as popular ML algorithms and deeper insight into their robustapplications in the field of modern day drug design. It also attempts to share thefuture prospects of such ML techniques and their limitations with possiblesolutions hereafter.
Novel drug design and bioinformatics: an introduction
(De Gruyter, 2021) Mohammad Kalim Ahmad Khan ,Salman Akhtar
In the current era of high-throughput technology, where enormous amounts of biological data are generated day by day via various sequencing projects, thereby the staggering volume of biological targets deciphered. The discovery of new chemical entities and bioisosteres of relatively low molecular weight has been gaining high momentum in the pharmacopoeia, and traditional combinatorial design wherein chemical structure is used as an initial template for enhancing efficacy pharmacokinetic selectivity properties. Once the compound is identified, it undergoes ADMET filtration to ensure whether it has toxic and mutagenic properties or not. If the compound has no toxicity and mutagenicity is either considered a potential lead molecule. Understanding the mechanism of lead molecules with various biological targets is imperative to advance related functions for drug discovery and development. Notwithstanding, a tedious and costly process, taking around 10–15 years and costing around $4 billion, cascaded approached of Bioinformatics and Computational biology viz., structure-based drug design (SBDD) and cognate ligand-based drug design (LBDD) respectively rely on the availability of 3D structure of target biomacromolecules and vice versa has made this process easy and approachable. SBDD encompasses homology modelling, ligand docking, fragment-based drug design and molecular dynamics, while LBDD deals with pharmacophore mapping, QSAR, and similarity search. All the computational methods discussed herein, whether for target identification or novel ligand discovery, continuously evolve and facilitate cost-effective and reliable outcomes in an era of overwhelming data.
Development of Financial Derivatives Market In India
(Shineeks Publisher, 2024) Firoz Hussain, Mohammad Asim
The improvement of the monetary derivatives market place includes the evolution of numerous spinoff instruments, together with futures, options, swaps, and forwards, which can be traded on exchanges or over the counter markets. This market place has grown considerably over the years, pushed via way of means of elements together with expanded globalization, improvements in technology, and the want for danger control equipment via way of means of market place participants. The boom of monetary derivatives has facilitated more performance in rate discovery, danger transfer, and hedging techniques for traders and establishments worldwide. However, it has additionally raised worries approximately market place volatility, systemic danger, and regulatory demanding situations that want to be addressed to make certain the steadiness and integrity of monetary markets.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS: HISTORICAL EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES
(Noble Science Press, 2024) Anas Jameel, Waseem Ahmad, Mohd Salman
The study investigates comprehensive overview of the international legal frameworks and mechanisms to safeguard and advance women's rights. Focused on key international agreements, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, the discussion delves into the historical evolution of efforts to combat discrimination, violence, and inequality against women. Thematic areas covered include reproductive rights, gender-based violence, economic empowerment, and political participation. The chapter analyzes the challenges and successes in implementing and enforcing international standards at the national level, considering diverse cultural and social contexts. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current global legal framework, examining both the accomplishments and enduring challenges in the international effort to secure women's rights. It offers an essential resource for scholars, policymakers, and advocates, delivering critical insights into the strides achieved and the possibilities for further progress in advocating for women's justice and equality globally.
Innovative Pathways to Sustainability: Energy Efficiency and Product Development
(IGI Global, 2025) Ehsanul Haque,Farheen Siddiqui,Neda Tasneem,Babar Ali Khan,Arshi Rubab
Sustainable development is crucial for achieving global economic growth, environmental protection, and social justice. Balancing these pillars necessitates advancements in energy efficiency and product innovation. This research explores how these components can mitigate environmental impacts, enhance economic competitiveness, and advance societal goals. It utilizes a multifaceted research method, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate the impact of energy efficiency and innovative product design. Key findings reveal that integrating renewable energy sources, advanced energy management technologies, and eco-friendly product innovations significantly contributes to sustainability goals. Effective implementation of these strategies can reduce energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, and stimulate economic growth.