Browsing by Author "Dwivedi, Sonam"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Cyanobacteria in Ocean
(Springer, 2023) Dwivedi, Sonam; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
An important turning point in the Earth’s surface’s geochemical history may be seen with the appearance of cyanobacteria, which were widespread towards the end of the Pre-Cambrian. Marine cyanobacteria are not only an important source of atmospheric oxygen, but they are also prolific manufacturers of secondary metabolites, frequently in spite of having incredibly small genomes. These organisms create a wide variety of complex secondary metabolites, including pigments, fluorescent dyes, and physiologically active substances of particular interest to the pharmaceutical sector. A diverse phylum of nitrogen-fixing, photo-oxygenic bacteria with the ability to colonize a variety of settings is known as cyanobacteria. Aside from their primary function as diazotrophs, they also produce a large number of bioactive compounds, frequently as secondary metabolites, with a variety of biological and ecological activities that should be further studied. Of all the species that have been found, cyanobacteria are able to coexist in marine habitats in symbiotic partnerships with creatures like sponges, invertebrates. It has been shown that these symbioses significantly alter the physiology of cyanobacteria and cause the synthesis of bioactive chemicals that are typically not produced. In fact, an exchange of infochemicals causes metabolic alterations in cyanobacteria involved in symbiotic relationships and activates pathways that have been shut. Studies on drug discovery have shown that these compounds have intriguing biotechnological possibilities. This chapter reviews the importance of cyanobacteria in ocean and their economic importance, and future prospects.
Role of Nanotechnology in the Development of Photoprotective Formulations
(Springer, 2023) Dwivedi, Sonam; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
Nanotechnology derives from the technology that entailed its designing, production, and application in the nanometer range. Incorporation of nanotechnology in the cosmetic formulation commences the thrust area of research. Nanosized cosmetic formulations offer increased UV protection, penetrate deep into the skin layer, and provide effective release of ingredients, with good solubility and stability. Many of them also exhibit UV protective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The magnificence of micellar nanoparticles has now become the latest fascinating nanotechnology in the international and local cosmetic market. The micellar nanoparticles effectively enhance the surface area and actively transport the bioactive compounds into the skin. Vesicular nanosystems such as liposome and niosomes are versatile in nature and are able to encapsulate bioactive compounds of different solubilities. Natural compounds with photoprotective activity have created interest in the area of cosmetic formulation since they reduce the oxidative stress, toxicity, and damage caused by radiation. Nanocosmetics can be found in a variety of products ranging from hair care to sunscreen to oral care. The information provided in this chapter about various photoprotection formulations serves as a guide for future research to meet the necessary standards in the cosmeceuticals and cosmetics industries.