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Start date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.Cyanobacteria

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    Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Cyanobacteria: Implications for Bioremediation and Crop Enhancement
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Pratibha, Alvina Farooqui
    Cyanobacteria, a group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, have emerged as pivotal organisms in ecological sustainability due to their remarkable resilience under environmental stress. Found across diverse habitats, they possess the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and synthesize protective extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in response to abiotic and biotic challenges. This chapter explores the structural classification, stress response mechanisms, and biotechnological roles of cyanobacteria. Special attention is given to their applications in agriculture, including biofertilization, soil enrichment, and crop protection, as well as their role in bioremediation by sequestering toxic metals. The chapter also emphasizes how cyanobacteria's molecular and biochemical strategies, such as ROS signaling, EPS production, and stress protein expression, position them as key contributors to sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
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    Natural Bioactives for Skin Therapeutics: Cydonia oblonga and Cyanobacteria-Based Approaches
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Anjeeta Singh, Kaiser Younis
    Scytonemin, a lipid-soluble indole-alkaloid pigment synthesized by certain cyanobacteria, has emerged as a potent natural UVscreening compound with strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Its unique chemical structure enables absorption across a broad UV spectrum, particularly in the UVA range, making it highly effective in preventing oxidative damage and photoaging. This chapter explores the mechanisms of UV protection offered by scytonemin and the various strategies for its integration into topical skin formulations. Special emphasis is placed on nanoemulsion-based delivery systems, which improve solubility, enhance dermal penetration, and ensure stability. By combining natural photoprotective efficacy with advanced formulation technologies, scytonemin offers a promising alternative to conventional synthetic sunscreens, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable, biocompatible skincare solutions. The chapter also addresses formulation parameters, safety profiles, and regulatory considerations, paving the way for the development of next-generation cosmeceuticals rooted in nature and supported by science.
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    COMBATING BULK AND NANO METAL TOXICITY USING CYANOBACTERIA
    (Aargon Press, New Delhi, 2021) Zairish Imran , Reena Vishvakarma
    Heavy metal toxicity in the ecosystem is a major environmental concern which needs urgent preventive and combating measures. A very common organism found in the aquatic ecosystem is cyanobacterium that tends to accumulate the heavy metals in polluted water bodies. Cyanobacteria ingests the heavy metal ions and either detoxify or metabolize the beavy metals, thus reduce the toxicity from the environment as well as act as a bioindicator to assess the chemical risk to the ecosystem. Cyanobacteria are well adapted to environmental stress conditions and have a robust antioxidant mechanism to fight any reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to the biotic or abiotic stress that cause cytotoxicity and oxidative damage. Transcriptome and proteome study of cyanobacteria involved in combating heavy metal toxicity reveals that stress induced proteins are generated that help the organism to adapt to the stress condition. A better understanding of the mechanism employed by cyanobacteria to combat metal toxicity can be delineated through more detailed molecular level study.
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    NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DEBATES: AN IN-SILICO APPROACH
    (Aargon Press, New Delhi, 2021) Suhail Ahmad , Alvina Farooqui
    Diabetes Mellitus is one of the utmost potent a metabolic disorder of proteins, fatsand carbohydrate metabolism which is characterized by post prandial and high fasting blood sugar levels. Diabetes mellitus results the production of insulin is less or dysfunction of insulin. Cyanobacteria are reflected good candidates for applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food industry. There are many activities of cyanobacteria have been reported which is antimalarial, antilarvicidal, anticancer, antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, algaecides, and cytotoxic activities. Recently, much attention has been given to bioactive compounds that may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes. Much evidence exists that flavonoids, such as quercetin, anthocyanins, genistein, vitamins, such as vitamin D and C, and EGCG enhance beta-cell function, lead to glucose easiness in animal models and humans, and protect against diabetes. In silico or computational techniques play an important role in investigating multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) with cost and time benefits. Several in silico techniques have been evolved, which can be divided into two major application areas, ie, ligand-based drug design and structure-based drug design. Ligand-based drug design (LBDD) techniques like quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) rely on knowledge of diverse ligands that interact with the biological targets of interest.
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    BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF THE NITROGEN FIXING CYANOBACTERIUM NOSTOCMUSCORUM TO METALLIC NANOPARTICLES: AN APPROACH TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
    (Aargon Press, New Delhi, 2021) Sadaf Jahan , Alvina Farooquí
    Indiscriminate use of nanomaterials and excessive heavy metal discharge into the environment calls for the better understanding of their toxicological effects on the ecosystem. Though these particles have various vital applications in multiple sectors, there is an increasing concern related to the potential hazards of these nanoparticles to the human health and environment. In recent years, many studies are focusing on the toxicity of different nanoparticles including silver nanoparticles. However, the exact mechanisms, as well as the toxicity contribution from its ionic and nano-form, is still very much unknown. For analyzing their toxic effects cyanobacteria is emerging as our model system. Cyanobacteria is known to accumulate heavy metals and act as a sink for many aquatic contaminants. Effect of metallic nanoparticles stress on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants is also studied as a biomarker for stress. This chapter aims to present and discuss the various applications and (eco) toxicity of silver nanoparticles to understand the use of these nanoparticles in a safe way. A significant conclusion includes the need for a risk-benefit analysis for all applications and eventually restrictions of the uses where a clear benefit cannot be demonstrated. Thus, the understanding of the responses incurred in cyanobacteria during heavy metal and metal nanoparticle stress can be very well used to evaluate their toxic responses in the environment.