Books/Book Chapters/Edited Books
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.168.24.11:4000/handle/123456789/237
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Item Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications(Book Rivers, 2026) Priyanshu Verma, Syed Mohd AmirThis chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), emphasizing their fundamental magnetic behavior, synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and multidisciplinary applications. The discussion begins with the physics of nanoscale magnetism, including single-domain formation, superparamagnetism, magnetic anisotropy, and blocking temperature. Various synthesis approaches such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal, sol gel, and vapor-phase methods are presented, along with the importance of surface functionalization for enhancing stability and functionality. The chapter further reviews advanced characterization techniques including X- ray diffraction, electron microscopy, scattering methods, magnetometry, and thermal analysis for understanding structure property relationships. Finally, major applications of MNPs in spintronics, catalysis, environmental remediation, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, bio-sensing, energy storage, and smart materials are highlighted. The chapter aims to provide a clear and interdisciplinary understanding of the scientific principles and technological significance of functional magnetic nanoparticles.Item Quantum Entanglement: From Conceptual Origins to Practical Applications(Book Rivers, 2026) Danish Quamar, Syed Mohd AmirQuantum entanglement is one of the most fundamental and intriguing phenomena in quantum mechanics, revealing correlations between quantum systems that cannot be explained by classical physics. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the conceptual foundations, theoretical framework, experimental realization, and technological applications of quantum entanglement. Beginning with the historical debates initiated by Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen, and Schrödinger, the discussion highlights the emergence of entanglement as a central feature of quantum theory and its connection to non-locality through Bell's theorem. The mathematical formalism of entangled states, including Hilbert spaces, tensor products, Bell states, density matrices, and entanglement entropy, is introduced to provide a rigorous theoretical understanding. The chapter further examines experimental verification through spontaneous parametric down-conversion and Bell inequality tests, including recent loophole free experiments. In addition, current developments in India, such as the National Quantum Mission and satellite-based quantum communication initiatives, are discussed. Major applications of entanglement in quantum communication, quantum teleportation, quantum computing, and quantum networks are reviewed, emphasizing their transformative potential for future technologies. Finally, the chapter outlines ongoing challenges and future prospects, highlighting the crucial role of entanglement in the development of next-generation quantum systems and the emerging quantum internet.Item Thermodynamic Investigation of Drug DNA Interactions(Book Rivers, 2026) Gazala Roohi Fatima, Seema SrivastavaDrug DNA interactions play a central role in chemotherapy, antimicrobial therapy, and rational drug design. This study highlights the structural features of DNA, including major and minor grooves, and explains the principal mechanisms of drug binding such as covalent interaction, intercalation, groove binding, and electrostatic association. Special emphasis is given to the thermodynamic aspects governing binding affinity, stability, specificity, and spontaneity of drug experimental techniques including UV DNA complexes. Important Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, calorimetry, and viscosity measurements are discussed alongside computational approaches such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Together, these methods provide comprehensive insights into drug DNA recognition and stability.Item Liquid Crystals as Active Functional Media for Advanced Plasmonic Applications(Book Rivers, 2026) Syed Salman Ahmad WarsiLiquid crystals (LCs) have emerged as highly versatile active functional media for advanced plasmonic applications owing to their unique combination of optical anisotropy, tunability, and responsiveness to external stimuli. By integrating plasmonic nanostructures with liquid crystal matrices, dynamic control over localized surface plasmon resonances and surface plasmon polaritons can be achieved through electric, magnetic, thermal, or optical fields. This synergy enables the development of reconfigurable photonic devices with enhanced light matter interactions, improved sensing capabilities, and adaptive optical functionalities. The chapter discusses the fundamental principles governing LC plasmonic interactions, recent advances in hybrid LC plasmonic systems, and their applications in tunable sensors, optical switches, modulators, displays, and nanophotonic devices.Item Introduction to Liquid Crystals: Fundamentals, Properties, and Applications(Book Rivers, 2026) Syed Salman Ahmad WarsiLiquid crystals are a unique state of matter that exhibit properties intermediate between conventional liquids and crystalline solids. Their ability to respond to external stimuli such as electric fields, temperature, and light has made them indispensable in modern science and technology. This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of liquid crystals, including their historical development, molecular organization, classification, and key physical properties. Special attention is given to the major liquid crystal phases and the relationship between molecular structure and material behavior. The chapter also provides an overview of important applications of liquid crystals in displays, photonics, sensors, and advanced functional materials, highlighting their growing significance in contemporary research and technological innovations.Item A Systematic Approach for Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Half-Heusler Compounds(Book Rivers, 2026) Afroj Ahmed Khan, Seema Srivastava, Vipul Srivastava, G F AnsariHalf-Heusler compounds are an impressive class of materials with a huge potential for different applications such as future energy applications and for spintronics. The semiconducting Heusler compounds can be identified by the number of valence electrons. The band gap can be tuned between 0 and 4 eV by the electronegativity difference of the constituents. Magnetism can be introduced in these compounds by using rare-earth elements, manganese or 'electron' doping. Thus, there is a great interest in the fields of thermoelectric, solar cells and diluted magnetic semiconductors. The combination of different properties such as superconductivity and topological edge states leads to new multifunctional materials, which have the potential to revolutionize technological applications. Here, we review the structure, the origin of the band gap and the functionalities of semiconducting half-Heusler compounds.Item Comparative Anlysis of Structural, Electronic and Thermal Properties of ALRE (RE = Y, Pr, Gd)(Book Rivers, 2025) Afroj A Khan, Seema Srivastava, Vipul Srivastava, Ghizal F AnsariThe properties of AlRE in B2 structure have been analysed using the first-principles method. The structural and electronic properties were investigated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) method and by TBLMTO method in the context of density functional theory. The electronic band structure calculations carried out to obtain the total energy of the AlRE (RE= Y, Pr, Gd) inter-metallic compound using the first principles FP-LAPW method by Shugani et al and that using TB-LMTO method by Srivastava et al have been compared with experimental data.The equilibrium cell volume Vo is found to be 315.90 a.u3 and 294.82 a.u.3 (43.69) for AlY by FP-LAPW and TB-LMTO respectively.While Vo for AlPr and AlGd is 322.36 a.u.3 , 297.58 a.u.3 (44.099) and 307.57 a.u3, 283.55 a.u.3 (42.02 ).The computed lattice parameter (3.604 Å) and bulk modulus (62.40 GPa) by TB-LMTO and 3.522 and 79.5for AlY by FP-LAPW method while 3.628Å, 65.5GPa for AlPr, 3.572Å, 49.42GPa for AlGd by TB-LMTO and3.533Å, 55.11GPa for AlPr, 3.47Å, 70.60GPa for AlGd by FP-LAPW method. The electronic band structure and energy-dependent density of states reveal the metallic nature of the titled Rare-earth inter- metallic compounds.Item Quark Gluon Plasma: Its Formation and Various Signatures(Book Rivers, 2025) Salman Ahamad KhanThis chapter gives an introduction to the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a primordial state of matter which was present in the early universe just after the few microsecond of the big bang and is also predicted to be in the core of some compact stars. We have discussed the formation of this novel state of matter in the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision experiments at relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at BNL in USA and large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN. A brief overview of the major signatures of QGP has been presented. A qualitative discussion about the various theoretical techniques employed to study the properties of the QGP has also been done.Item Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics: Introduction and Its Application in Heavy-Ion Physics(Book Rivers, 2025) Salman Ahamad Khan, Mohd ShahalamThis chapter presents an introduction to the non-extensive statistical mechanics and its application in the high energy physics specially in the context of the matter created in the heavy ion collision experiments at RHIC (BNL) and LHC (CERN). The non-extensive Tsallis distribution function and the computation of various thermodynamical quantities in the non extensive framework have been defined. The fitting of the hadron transverse momentum using the power law distribution has been explained. Apart from that some transport and screening properties of non-extensive quark gluon plasma have also been discussed.Item Cosmic Acceleration: History and Evolution(Book Rivers, 2025) Mohd Shahalam, Salman Ahamad KhanLate time cosmic acceleration of the Universe is one of the biggest and most interesting discovery of our time. It is supported by a number of observational investigations such as Type Ia supernova, cosmic microwave background radiation, surveys of large scale structure, and Planck 2018 results. In the standard framework based upon Einstein gravity, cosmic acceleration can be explained by an exotic fluid with large negative pressure filling the Universe, dubbed `dark energy'. The simplest candidate for dark energy is the cosmological constant Λ. In this chapter, we shall focus on the basic ingredients of the standard model of Universe, Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric, cosmological parameters, evidences of late time cosmic acceleration, cosmological observations, and the theoretical models of dark energy in the form of exotic matter and the large scale modification of gravity.