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    Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Andrographis Paniculata: Phytochemical Insights and Biomedical Implications
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Hina Khatoon, Mohammad Haneef, Salman Akhtar
    Oxidative stress and cancer continue to pose major challenges to global health, contributing significantly to illness and death worldwide. Growing concerns over the adverse effects of synthetic drugs have intensified interest in natural, plant-based remedies. This chapter presents an in-depth overview of the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Andrographis paniculata, commonly referred to as the "King of Bitters." It delves into the biochemical basis of oxidative stress, the therapeutic relevance of antioxidants, and the crucial role of natural compounds in cancer prevention and therapy. Additionally, the chapter discusses the phytochemical constituents, traditional applications, and pharmacological benefits of A. paniculata, particularly its anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, and anticancer effects. Emphasis is placed on the need for further targeted research to substantiate its clinical effectiveness and safety, underscoring its promise in the development of innovative therapeutic agents.
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    Unraveling platelets’ dual role: Bridging inflammation and cancer toward innovative therapeutic strategies
    (Elsevier, 2026) Utpal Bhui , Sumel Ashique , Radheshyam Pal , Tahreen Taj , Anas Islam , Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary , Neeraj Mishra
    Platelets are the components that are traditionally used for maintaining homeostasis, derived from the megakaryocytic. The recent research development of platelets shows an interesting result in the modulation of immune response, inflammation, and tumor treatment. Platelet activation is a sequential process that is tightly controlled by a variety of receptors, signaling molecules, and intracellular pathways. However, the formation of platelet aggregation is a useful biomarker for systematic inflammation. Moreover, malignant cells can induce activation of platelet through the discharge of prothrombotic factors, namely, tissue factor and cancer procoagulant. Once activated, platelets aggregate around tumor cells, forming a protective shield that prevents immune cells from recognizing and destroying the tumor. Some of the antiplatelet agents, including aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors, are extensively used for preventing cardiovascular diseases; however, studies performed recently have shown that they may also have potential in cancer therapy. Targeting new approaches for the platelets could emerge the therapeutic activity not only for the chronic inflammation but also for the disruption of cancer progression. However, new approaches like the treatment through platelets may cause serious complications, but future research can lead to targeted treatments, which offer the potential therapeutic approaches in improving patient outcomes in both inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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    Mitochondria and cancer diagnosis
    (Elsevier, 2026) Sanjesh Kumar, Riya Dave, Sumel Ashique , Mohhammad Ramzan, Anas Islam
    Mitochondria, beyond their canonical role in ATP production, are central regulators of cancer metabolism, signaling, and progression. Research findings indicate a significant association between mitochondrial dysfunction and oncogenesis, affecting metabolic reprogramming, cellular plasticity, and therapeutic resistance. With important regulators such HIF-1α, PGC-1α, and AMPK dictating metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial metabolism in cancer shows a change between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). As tumor development, invasion, and chemoresistance are enhanced by oncogenic mitochondrial fission mediated by DRP1 and FIS1, apoptosis resistance is impacted by aberrant fusion regulated by MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling, facilitated by ROS, NF-κB, ATF4, and UPRmt, enhances cancer progression and immune evasion by the reprogramming of nuclear gene expression. In breast, colorectal, and hepatocellular cancer, mtDNA mutations in the ND1, ND5, COX1, and CYTB genes are common. Mutations show their biomarker potential. Released circulating cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA) into the circulation suggests a noninvasive approach to assessing tumor stage, oxidative damage (8-OHdG), and changes in mtDNA copy number. Additionally, changes to the tRNA and rRNA genes in the mitochondria affect translational efficiency, which leads to metabolic dysregulation in cancers. Using mitochondrial markers for cancer diagnosis offers creative ideas for precision oncology and could change early identification and prognostic evaluation. The present chapter highlights the critical importance of including biomarkers related to mitochondria in liquid biopsies to facilitate therapeutic approaches that target mitochondria.