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    Nanoparticle-Mediated Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Hammnah Ali, Naseem Ahmad, Arshad Iqbal, Nafees Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Khan, Iqbal Azad
    Nano-biocomposite remediation represents an innovative nanotechnological approach that utilizes biosynthesized nanoparticles for effective pollutant remediation. This technique leverages advanced biochar-blend nanoparticles, including nanobiochar and nanocomposites, to provide sustainable solutions to contemporary environmental challenges. By combining the benefits of biochar and nanoparticles, these materials exhibit enhanced performance due to their active functional groups, porous structure, high surface area, catalytic degradation capabilities, and ease of pollutant recovery or separation. This chapter focuses on the remediation of toxic pollutants, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), highlighting the efficacy of this method as a viable bioremediation strategy.
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    Ecofriendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract and its Characterization
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Mohd. Samiullaha, Mohd Arsh Khana, Qazi Inamur Rahmana, Abdul Rahman Khana
    Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a transformative technology with diverse applications across various industries such as environmental science, healthcare, renewable energy, and agriculture. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved by harnessing the unique attributes of nanoparticles, including their elevated surface-area-to-volume ratio and enhanced reactivity, to address crucial sustainability challenges. However, traditional methods for synthesizing nanoparticles often involve energy-intensive processes and hazardous chemicals, prompting concerns about resource utilization and environmental impact. In turn, there has been a growing interest in the sustainable alternative of green synthesis, particularly through plant-mediated production, which utilizes naturally occurring plant biomolecules as stabilizers and reducing agents. Furthermore, this process offers a sustainable, cost-effective method for producing biocompatible nanoparticles while minimizing environmental impact. This chapter explores how green-synthesized nanoparticles, such as gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs), can advance sustainable development projects. The discussion focuses on the role of bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, in reducing metal ions and stabilizing nanoparticles during the production of plant-based NPs. The quality and safety of these nanoparticles depend on a range of characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and DLS. These methods offer insight into the size, shape, crystalline structure, and surface chemistry of the particles. Nanoparticles produced through green synthesis show great potential for various sustainable applications. They can purify water from pollutants, enhance the efficiency of solar cells, improve crop resilience using nano-fertilizers, and offer antibacterial properties for medical purposes. Nevertheless, several barriers impede their widespread adoption. Variability in plant biochemistry undermines the reproducibility of synthesis, making it challenging to scale up production for industrial purposes. Moreover, there is uncertainty about the potential long-term impacts of NPs on the environment and human health, underscoring the need for comprehensive ecotoxicological studies and regulatory guidelines.
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    Environment of Lignocellulosic Waste to Biofuel
    (Springer, Singapore, 2024) Akhtar Hussain; Ayush Saxena, Irum; Alvina Farooqui; Mohammad Ashfaque
    Under the major crises of environmental degradation and global warming, the world’s environment is failing. Green energy solutions must be taken into consideration in order to address these issues, which calls for increased efforts to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions are two major goals of renewable energy sources. Attention has already been drawn globally to the use of renewable biomass resources for the manufacture of biofuels. Current research and technology advancements have made it possible to produce second-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstocks, including agricultural waste, crop leftovers, and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding grass species. An environmentally responsible, sustainable, and possibly effective alternative to fossil fuels is the manufacture of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, because of their heterogeneous multiscale structure, lignocellulosic materials are difficult to valorize and show resistance to enzyme hydrolysis or saccharification. Various pretreatment techniques involving chemical, physical, and biological methods have been widely used to overcome this problem. These pretreatment methods can be combined to increase the yield of second-generation biofuels. The second generation has the greatest potential for producing biofuels; hence, this chapter primarily concentrates on modern techniques in research and development.
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    Advances in Nanocatalysts Mediated Biodiesel Production
    (Springer, Singapore, 2024) Vaishnavi Mishra, Parnika Mishra, Diksha Sharma, Priyanka Yadav, Priyanka Dubey, Gyanendra Tripathi, Vishal Mishra & Alvina Farooqui
    The area of biodiesel production has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, propelled by the exploration of nanocatalysts as efficient agents in the process of transesterification. Nanocatalysts, with their high surface area and enhanced catalytic activity, have emerged as key contributors to the optimization of biodiesel production processes. Various reviews have revealed nanocatalysts, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and hybrid materials, assessing their catalytic efficiency and stability in transesterification reactions. Researchers have successfully tailored nanocatalysts to exhibit superior performance in converting triglycerides to biodiesel, addressing challenges associated with traditional catalysts such as low reusability and selectivity. In this chapter, we will discuss the implications of the above-mentioned advancements on the scalability and economic viability of biodiesel production. The integration of nanocatalysts not only accelerates reaction kinetics but also facilitates the use of diverse feedstocks, expanding the potential sources for the production of biodiesel. The environmental sustainability of these nanocatalysts, including their recyclability and reduced waste generation, is also discussed. The findings presented in this research hold promise for a more sustainable and efficient future in the realm of biofuel production. In short, the present chapter gives a transformative impact of nanotechnology on the synthesis of biodiesel.