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    Nanoparticle-Mediated Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Hammnah Ali, Naseem Ahmad, Arshad Iqbal, Nafees Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Khan, Iqbal Azad
    Nano-biocomposite remediation represents an innovative nanotechnological approach that utilizes biosynthesized nanoparticles for effective pollutant remediation. This technique leverages advanced biochar-blend nanoparticles, including nanobiochar and nanocomposites, to provide sustainable solutions to contemporary environmental challenges. By combining the benefits of biochar and nanoparticles, these materials exhibit enhanced performance due to their active functional groups, porous structure, high surface area, catalytic degradation capabilities, and ease of pollutant recovery or separation. This chapter focuses on the remediation of toxic pollutants, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), highlighting the efficacy of this method as a viable bioremediation strategy.
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    Green Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Mohd Arsh Khan, Qazi Inamur Rahman, Abdul Rahman Khan
    Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a transformative technology with diverse applications across various industries such as environmental science, healthcare, renewable energy, and agriculture. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved by harnessing the unique attributes of nanoparticles, including their elevated surface-area-to-volume ratio and enhanced reactivity, to address crucial sustainability challenges. However, traditional methods for synthesizing nanoparticles often involve energy-intensive processes and hazardous chemicals, prompting concerns about resource utilization and environmental impact. In turn, there has been a growing interest in the sustainable alternative of green synthesis, particularly through plant-mediated production, which utilizes naturally-occurring plant biomolecules as stabilizers and reducing agents. Furthermore, this process offers a sustainable and cost-effective method to produce biocompatible nanoparticles while also minimizing their impact on the environment. This chapter delves into exploring how green-synthesized nanoparticles, such as gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs), contribute to advancing sustainable development projects. The discussion focuses on the role of bioactive substances such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in reducing metal ions and maintaining the stability of nanoparticles in the production of plant-based NPs. The quality and safety of these nanoparticles rely on various characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and DLS. These methods offer insight into the size, shape, crystalline structure, and surface chemistry of the particles. Nanoparticles produced through green synthesis show great potential for various sustainable applications. They have the ability to purify water from pollutants, enhance the efficiency of solar cells, improve crop resilience through the use of nano-fertilizers, and offer antibacterial properties for medical purposes. Nevertheless, several barriers impede their widespread adoption. The variability of plant biochemistry influences the reproducibility of synthesis, making it challenging to scale up production for industrial purposes. Moreover, there is uncertainty regarding the potential impact of NPs on the environment and human health over time, highlighting the need for comprehensive ecotoxicological studies and regulatory guidelines.
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    Marine-Based Polysaccharides in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
    (Springer, Singapore, 2026) Shubhrat Maheshwari, Aditya Singh, Amita Verma, Vaseem A. Ansari, Juber Akhtar, Bhupendra G. Prajapati
    This chapter explores the potential of marine-based polysaccharides in nose-to-brain drug delivery systems, focusing on their applications for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Marine polysaccharides, including alginates, chitosan, and carrageenans, offer unique advantages due to their natural biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form gels with desirable mechanical properties for drug delivery. These polysaccharides exhibit excellent mucoadhesive properties, enhancing the sustained release and absorption of therapeutic agents through the nasal mucosa. They can effectively bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways, providing a noninvasive alternative to traditional drug delivery methods. The chapter highlights various synthesis strategies for marine polysaccharide-based hydrogels, including chemical crosslinking and physical stimuli-responsive gelation, and discusses their combination with nanoparticles for enhanced drug release and targeting. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the successful application of these systems in nose-to-brain (N2B) drug delivery, with improved drug retention, reduced side effects, and enhanced therapeutic effects. While challenges remain in improving mechanical strength and optimizing drug release profiles, marine polysaccharides offer great promise as drug carriers for CNS treatments. Further research and development are essential to realize their full potential for treating neurological diseases.
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    Nanotechnology Advances in Composting
    (Springer, Cham, 2026) Faria Fatima, Deepti Srivastava, Abdul Mazeed, P. Smriti Rao
    Nanotechnology is now developing and growing more quickly across a variety of industries. Nanoparticles (NPs) enter the composts in various ways as a result of this development. First, NPs may inadvertently enter composts through surface runoff, buried solid waste, waste discharge, or direct dumping into waste (food, medicine, consumer goods, and personal care items). Second, a novel strategy created to speed up waste breakdown and act as a nutrient for plants is the deliberate mediation of NPs in the composting process. Nanotoxicity may result from the presence of NPs in the composts. On the other hand, their existence may also be advantageous in situations like soil reclamation, degradation, etc. On the other hand, all living things, including microbes, benefit from metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a number of biological activities, including transcription, oxidative stress responses, respiration, precursor biosynthesis, and DNA replication. NPs perform admirably in a variety of domains, and it is worthwhile to investigate their function in the composting process. As a result, this chapter contributes to the comprehension of NPs’ function in the composting process and the extent to which their presence can be advantageous. The importance of NPs in the composting process, the performance of microbial bioprocesses during nanocomposting, the fundamental life cycle assessment (LCA) of NP-mediated composting, and the mechanism of action of NPs in the soil matrix are all reviewed in this chapter. Additionally, this chapter clarifies the concept of nanozymes and emphasizes their biocatalytic characteristics, which will be useful for researching composting in the future.