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    Nanotechnology innovation: AI-enhanced polymer drug delivery systems
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025) Usama Ahmad; Wan Nurhidayah Wan Hanaffi, Khan Aejaz Ahmed
    The confluence of polymer nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing drug development and targeted drug delivery, ensuring unprecedented precision in therapeutics. By coupling data analytics with AI-driven polymeric nanocarrier systems, the technology surpasses the constraints of traditional drug delivery, including bioavailability and patient-specificity, by virtue of superior design, encapsulation efficiency, and controlled release mechanisms for the drug. Predictive modeling and machine learning algorithms aid AI in optimizing drug–polymer interaction and optimizing the physicochemical characteristics of polymer nanocarriers so that therapeutics are released accurately and controllably at target sites to reduce side effects. AI’s capability to forecast the interaction of disease-specific, biocompati ble, and responsive polymers for patient profiles advances the principle of precision medicine. Improved encapsulation efficiency and optimized kinetics by AI-driven processes maximize the direct delivery of therapeutics to the target site with optimal doses for enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The amalgamation of AI with polymeric nanotechnology thus enables drug discovery in the rapid prototype and optimization of nanocarrier systems to deliver precise, individualized drug delivery with high accuracy to diverse therapeutic domains. This chapter discusses the development potential of AI-fortified polymer-based drug delivery systems, their ability to maximize the efficacy and selectivity of treatment regimens. With AI-driven innovation, polymer nanotechnology has the ability to improve patient treatment through highly personalized and potent medical options, beginning a new era of tailored medicine and new paths of drug innovation.
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    Lipid Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Inflammations
    (CRC Press, 2025) Anas Islam, Ambareen Fatima Ahmed, Asad Ahmad, Usama Ahmad, Yusuf Asad
    Gastrointestinal inflammations refer to an assemblage of disorders that affect the digestive system resulting in symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, and ulcers. Such kinds of disorders contain conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Conventional therapies for gastrointestinal inflammations very often remain unsatisfactory and typically face complications such as side effects of low bioavailability, low specificity, and systemic toxicity. Nanotechnology therefore holds promise to provide an alternative means for the administration of drugs into the gastrointestinal tract, averting the limitations involved with the conventional drug delivery systems by conferring means of target selectivity and ensuing control in the therapy prescribed. Lipid nanocarriers are the most interesting among different types of nanocarriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. The factors involved in the production of lipid nanocarriers, their characterization, some advantages, and challenges they bring when used for the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammations were presented. It also presents the current applications of lipid nanocarriers in selected gastrointestinal diseases. In summary, it details how lipid nanocarriers could benefit in outcomes among patients having gastrointestinal inflammations in detail while explaining the current challenges remaining, as well as future developments in this research and development area.
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    Liposomes: History, Properties, and Applications
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2024) Shivangi Sharma, Anas Islam, Mohd Muazzam Khan, Usama Ahmad
    The use of liposomes in nanotechnology has become more widespread in recent years. Liposomes are self-assembled particles having a water chamber that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. This chapter has covered the liposomes in great detail, including how and where they were created, a broad description of their structure, and what distinct types of lipids they are composed of. Depending on their size, liposomes can be classified into several distinct varieties, such as enormous liposomes, multilamellar liposomes, and unilamellar liposomes. Depending on the context, different liposomes can be produced using various preparation techniques. In this chapter, we have also learned about the several fields in which liposomes have been extensively employed for the treatment of various diseases, biotechnology research, cosmetic items, nutraceuticals, and food. To increase the stability of the core, liposomes are important in the encapsulation of a variety of bioactive compounds (BACs), including functional food additives. In this chapter, we have also discussed the future perspective and scope where liposome technology can be exploited, the different fields in which liposome nanotechnology can be a boon, and the revolution it can make in pharmaceuticals.
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    Perspective Chapter: Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery through Liposomes - Recent Applications
    (IntechOpen, 2023) Abdul Hafeez; Shazia Afzal Usmani
    Diseases related to the brain are causing a huge problem worldwide. Different drug formulations are available for the management of brain-related disorders, but due to less drug availability for the brain and non-specificity, it becomes difficult to completely cure life-threatening brain disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of drug molecules/drug-loaded carriers because of the presence of various efflux transporters and drug inactivating enzymes. Researchers have identified an intranasal route for direct delivery to the brain, bypassing BBB. Nanotechnology-enabled lipid-based drug carrier systems have shown potential for the management of brain diseases through nose-to-brain delivery. Liposomes are the most extensively investigated carrier systems because of biocompatibility, controlled release characteristics, easy surface modification, and biodegradability. This chapter highlights the important aspects of nose-to-brain delivery and strategies for enhancing the availability of drugs through liposomes in the management of different brain-related diseases.