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    Transforming Ecological Burden into Economic Opportunities: Biochemical Conversion of Parthenium hysterophorus Waste into Bio-Fertilizers and Valuable Byproducts
    (Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 2026) Aliya Firdaus, Snober S. Mir, Uzma Afaq
    Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus also known as congress grass is an invasive plant with a rapid rate of development that causes serious problems for agricultural and ecological systems around the world. Despite the problems it causes, this weed’s biomass is a great unexplored opportunity for biochemical potential into useful goods. Recent studies suggest the potential avenues for converting this biomass into valuable products through biochemical processes. Multiple methods, including composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, and enzymatic breakdown, can be used to convert weeds into bio- fertilizers, biofuels, and other biochemicals. The weed’s biomass was converted into compost and biochar by utilizing microbial and enzymatic activities, which are rich in nutrients and can be used to improve soil quality. The composting has shown encouraging effects in terms of nutrient stabilization and pathogen reduction, leading to the development of a highly efficient bio-fertilizer. Vermicomposting, aided by certain types of earthworms, improves the nutrient composition and makes it easier to incorporate into the soil. In addition, the application of cellulase and xylanase enzymes facilitates the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose present in the weed into sugars that may be readily fermented. These sugars are subsequently utilized in the manufacturing of bioethanol. These biochemical processes not only reduce the environmental effects of P. hysterophorus but also support sustainable agricultural methods by producing affordable, high-quality bio-fertilizers and generating extra income from by-products such as bioethanol. This chapter aims to provide insights and knowledge of effective management of P. hysterophorus waste, transforming an ecological burden into an economic opportunity.
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    Microalgae Biomass as a Source of Renewable Energy: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
    (Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 2026) Syed Khalida Izhar, Shareen Fatima Rizvi, Saba Siddiqui, Uzma Afaq
    Due to the economic devastation and rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources, there is a pressing requirement for the establishment of a low carbon economy. Traditional energy sources are fraught with concerns regarding security and sustainability. Consequently, the quest for alternatives to fossil fuels has garnered considerable attention. Microalgal biomass emerges as a compelling solution to this modern quandary, offering a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. With their abundant oil content and rapid growth rates, microalgae present themselves as highly promising candidates for biofuel production. Significant strides in catalytic reaction research have facilitated the efficient conversion of biomass into biofuels. Processes like hydrolysis, trans-esterification, hydrogenation, and isomerisation have seen notable advancements in recent years, enabling the extraction of high-grade hydrocarbons from microalgal lipids. A plethora of processing methods underscores the vast potential of microalgae in bioenergy production, showcasing their adaptability and effectiveness.
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    Bio-hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass: A Green Approach
    (Elite Publishing House, 2025) Arshia Akhtar, Haroon
    Bio-hydrogen (bio-H2), a carbon-low fuel known for its high energy efficiency, is gaining prominence as a renewable energy source amid increasing concerns about climate change and energy demand. Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass holds promise for establishing a clean energy infrastructure. Despite various technologies available for producing bio-H2 from lignocellulosic biomass, such as direct and indirect biophotolysis and fermentations, they suffer from drawbacks like low yields and slow production rates. Bio-H2, distinguishable among biofuels for its carbon neutrality, is achievable through thermochemical conversion methods, presenting an economically viable solution. While certain thermochemical conversion technologies are still in research and development, leveraging organic biomass for hydrogen production is strongly recommended due to its ability to yield larger quantities of the final product and its compatibility with existing infrastructure. This chapter aims to provide current insights into lignocellulose hydrogen conversion progress, tapping into its globally abundant availability.