Books/Book Chapters/Edited Books
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Item The Therapeutic and Protective Potential of Lupeol in Immune Modulation and Disease Prevention(CRC Press, 2025) Saima Khan, Mohd KhubaibLupeol is a phytosterol and triterpene mainly derived from edible vegetables and fruits, and possesses therapeutic and preventive properties against various diseases. It has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on T-cell activation and cytokine production, playing an important role in immune regulation. Lupeol regulates the immune response by suppressing excessive T-cell activation, cytokine production, and inflammatory responses through modulation of pathways such as p-38 and NF-kB, thereby enhancing the immune response in progressive diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Additionally, lupeol enhances Th1 immune responses by shifting the balance from the Th2 domain, increasing T cells and Th1 cytokines, promoting delayed-type hypersensitivity, and upregulating genes involved in reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production during infection. Additionally, it exhibits immunosuppressive effects by reducing inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-2, which may help regulate immune responses during infections. This makes lupeol a therapeutic compound useful in managing immune responses in inflammatory diseases.Item Prey–predator interactions: a vital aspect of an effective biological control system(Academic Press Elsevier, United Kingdom, 2026) Arshi Siddiqui, Geetanjali Mishra, Omkar, Uzma AfaqThis chapter discusses the features of insect natural enemies foraging patterns in the closest sense that we even include a few incidents involving arthropods that are not insects. The majority of insect natural enemies usually need to recognize the habitat that might contain potential victims. It is necessary to find the victims themselves within that ecosystem. The predator or parasitoid needs to select its victim after locating a patch containing potential prey. A female parasitoid must also choose whether to oviposit, eat off the host, or do both while determining the quality of the host. In the circumstance that she chooses to oviposit, concerns about offspring quantity and distribution of sexes, etc. In this chapter, we define and investigate a series of topics, including the predatory response (functional and numerical response), habitat preference, prey resource switching and mutual interference, and patch time allocation. Each of these pursuits leads to predatory behavior of the predators.Item Role of Probiotics in Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease(CRC Press, 2026) Mohsin Vahid Khan, Mohd Rumman, Anas Islam, Mohd Kamil Hussain, Gulam RabbaniItem Natural Compounds and Their Mechanism of Action: Therapeutic Targets of Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration in Neurodegenerative Diseases(Springer, Singapore, 2025) Ehraz M. Siddiqui, Mashoque Ahmad Rather, Sadaf Jahan, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Andleeb KhanEndogenous antioxidant defenses are insufficient; therefore, oxidative stress is generated due to excessive production of reactive species, especially reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species, and degradation of cell structures, lipids, proteins, and genetic material. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the death of neurons, which is an essential component of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. One of the medically prescribed antidotes to this skewed oxidation-antioxidation state is the profession of antioxidants. Recently, natural substances with the properties to both scavenge free radicals and protect cells against oxidative threat as well as possess neuroprotective potential have attracted great interest. This chapter summarized the state-of-research efforts attempting to identify natural chemical derived from medicinal plants that possess protecting action against neurodegenerative processes at molecular levels by controlling the death of neurons through inhibiting a variety of neurotoxins. Natural regulators of reactive species and mitochondrial activity are lignans, quinones, 1MeTIQ, resveratrol, curcumin, Gingko biloba, alkaloids, glycosides, vitamin C, flavonoids, polyphenols, coumarins, etc. They could decrease the neurotoxic agent-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis, by decreasing ROS/RNS generation, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, LDH release, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, Ca2+ influx, cytochrome c release, increasing MMP, and restoring reverse endogenous enzymatic activities. They also prevented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways and modulated the oxidative plunges of several signaling pathways to produce neuroprotective effects against apoptosis. The current study examines the part that reactive species play in neurodegeneration, emphasizing the possible anti-oxidation properties of natural substances as a viable means of creating novel neuroprotective tactics.Item A Mechanistic Exploration of Natural Compounds for Neuronal Health(Springer, Singapore, 2025) Sadaf Jahan, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Andleeb KhanThe proposed book, "Unlocking Neuronal Health: A Mechanistic Exploration of Natural Compounds," will delve into the fascinating realm of natural compounds and their mechanistic effects on restoring and promoting neuronal health. This book will provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms through which natural compounds exert their neuroprotective properties, offering a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. By exploring the intricate interactions between natural compounds and neuronal pathways, this book seeks to bridge the gap between scientific research and practical applications, facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Chapters including in the book provide detailed information regarding the neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal complications and reasons behind the culprit. Moreover, many chapters shed light on the mechanistic approach and involvement of natural compounds as therapeutic strategies, thus helpful in the restoration of neuronal health. Ultimately, this book will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field and inspire further research and development in this promising area of neurosciences.Item AGRICULTURAL BIOCHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS, IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMISTRY IN AGRICULTURE(Book Rivers, 2022) Faria FatimaItem Neuropathology of Neurological Disorders(Springer Nature, 2024) Andleeb KhanNeuropathology delineates the examination of cells and tissues, to assimilate the structure and function of the neurological system as well as the diagnosis and pathology of diseases that impact the nervous system. It studies the effects of disease on the nervous system and can be used to diagnose and categorize particular neurological conditions. This comprises studies of the muscles, nerves, and ganglia (the peripheral nervous system), and the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). A wide array of techniques such as immunohistochemistry, molecular biology, and light and electron microscopy are being used to observe neuropathological alterations in various neurological disorders. Neuropathology highlights the structural and functional observations of neurological diseases ranging from cellular to micro-anatomical constructs to identify the biomarkers that are responsible for the progression of the diseases. Several imaging technologies are also used which include CT scans and MRI to deeply examine the modifications in neurological disorders. The examination of several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, rests severely on neuropathology. In this chapter, we will discuss about the neuropathology of several neurological disorders.Item Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Role in Neurological Disorders(Springer Nature, 2024) Andleeb KhanMitochondria, pivotal cell organelles recognized for their paramount role in cellular energy production, play a crucial part in neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis when their functionality falters. Among the repercussions of mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation emerges as a prominent concern, eliciting an upsurge in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The deleterious effects of these ROS on nerve cells induce a cascade toward neurodegeneration. This chapter comprehensively delves into the adverse implications of mitochondrial dysfunction on the advancement of diverse neurological ailments, with particular emphasis on the pivotal role of neuroinflammation.Item Weed Bio-Control Agents(CRC Press, 2023) Uzma AfaqItem Various Metabolites and Bioactive Compounds from Fruits, and Their Use in Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications(Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2023) Siddiqui, Arshi; Dixit, Pragyesh; Moid, Hira; Afaq, UzmaCommercially valuable bioactive compounds find a vast range of applications in the medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agriculture and food industry. Nanotechnology is a promising and rapidly emerging field of science. Due to their vast range of applications in the medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agriculture and food industry, bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and carotenoids) are commercially valuable goods. Controlled elicitation is one of the promising techniques for enhancing the production of bioactive chemicals in plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel elicitors of bioactive chemicals in plants and could impact the plant’s secondary metabolism. The biological production of nanoparticles is becoming more widely recognized as a rapid, environmentally benign, and easy to scale up method. Metallic nanoparticles synthesized from microorganisms and plant extracts are stable and monodispersed when synthesis parameters including pH, temperature, incubation time, and mixing ratio are well controlled. The goal of this chapter is to outline fruit extract NPs synthesis and their various applications.