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Subject: search.filters.subject.Hydrogen peroxide

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    Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Regulation of Photosynthesis and Its Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones under Abiotic Stress
    (CRC Press, 2025) Mohammad Yusuf, Mohd Tanveer Alam Khan, Taiba Saeed, Mohammad Faizan, Mayank Anand Gururani
    Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recognized as a type of reactive oxygen species and serves as a crucial regulatory component involved in signal transduction in plants. H2O2 is not merely a byproduct of oxidative stress but also aids in maintaining cellular balance in crop plants. H2O2 plays a pivotal role in regulating stress defenses and secondary metabolic functions in plants. Exogenously applied H2O2 at nanomolar concentrations acts as a signaling molecule, promoting seed germination, chlorophyll production, stomatal opening, and delaying senescence. However, elevated levels of H2O2 can trigger oxidative stress leading to cellular damage and even cell death. Additionally, H2O2 interacts synergistically or antagonistically with other phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, and brassinosteroids under abiotic stresses. This chapter discuss the intricate role of hydrogen peroxide in mediating photosynthetic responses and abiotic stress tolerance, as well as its crosstalk with other phytohormones, underscores its significance in plant biology. Its dual nature as a signaling molecule and a reactive oxygen species highlights its multifaceted involvement in plant adaptation and resilience. Further exploration of these interactions promises valuable insights into enhancing crop productivity and stress resilience in the face of changing environmental conditions.
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    Physiological and Molecular Inferences of Plant Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism During Stress Conditions
    (CRC Press, 2025) Sameera Karumannil, Taiba Saeed, Mohd Tanveer Alam Khan, Mohammad Yusuf, Sajeesh Kappachery, Mayank Anand Gururani
    Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as a signaling molecule in plant cells. It acts as a secondary messenger in various signal transduction pathways, mediating responses to stress. It can activate specific proteins, transcription factors, and enzymes involved in stress responses, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases. While H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can cause cellular damage, plants have antioxidant systems to manage its levels. Enzymes like catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase help detoxify excess H2O2. H2O2 is involved in strengthening the cell wall. It can activate the cross-linking of cell wall components, contributing to cell wall reinforcement and enhanced resistance to pathogens. High levels of H2O2 can induce programmed cell death as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens. This helps contain the spread of infections within the plant. H2O2 can modulate the expression of stress-responsive genes. Transcription factors like WRKY, NAC, and MYB are often involved in the regulation of genes related to stress responses, and their activation can be influenced by H2O2. H2O2 can modify proteins through oxidation of cysteine residues, affecting their activity. Redox-sensitive proteins, including kinases and phosphatases, are involved in signaling cascades triggered by H2O2. Enzymes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids, are often upregulated in response to stress-induced H2O2. These compounds contribute to the plant’s defense against stress. The expression of genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes is induced by H2O2. This includes enzymes like catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase, which help mitigate oxidative stress. Understanding the physiological and molecular aspects of plant H2O2 metabolism during stress conditions is crucial for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance in crops and improve agricultural productivity. Researchers continue to investigate the intricate network of signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks associated with H2O2 in plant stress responses.
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    Role of H2O2 in Seed Germination
    (CRC Press, 2025) Taiba Saeed, Durdana Yasin, Anwar Shahzad
    Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is increasingly recognized as a significant molecule in seed germination, functioning as both a signaling molecule and a modulator of physiological processes. Its dual role as an oxidative agent and signaling molecule allows it to influence various stages of seed germination. During seed germination, the production and accumulation of H₂O₂ are tightly regulated. Low to moderate levels of H₂O₂ promote seed germination by breaking seed dormancy, enhancing water uptake, and facilitating the mobilization of storage reserves. H₂O₂ acts by modulating the expression of genes associated with growth and stress responses, thereby aiding in the transition from dormancy to active growth. H₂O₂ influences the balance between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA), two critical hormones in seed germination. It has been observed that H₂O₂ can reduce ABA levels while promoting GA biosynthesis, thus favoring germination. Additionally, H₂O₂ interacts with other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant systems to maintain cellular redox homeostasis, which is crucial for cellular metabolism and signal transduction during germination. Exogenous application of H₂O₂ has also been shown to improve germination rates, especially under stress conditions such as salinity, drought, and heavy metal exposure. It can enhance the seed’s tolerance to adverse environmental conditions by activating stress-responsive pathways and antioxidant defense system. However, excessive levels of H₂O₂ can be detrimental, causing oxidative damage to cellular components, thereby inhibiting germination and reducing seed viability. Therefore, the role of H₂O₂ in seed germination is concentration-dependent, with a critical balance required to ensure optimal germination and early seedling development. Various studies have illustrated the performance of H₂O₂ in seed aging also. Seed aging results in a loss of germination capacity, due to accumulation of H₂O₂ highlighting its detrimental effect. This chapter represents the mechanisms of H₂O₂ action and its interactions with other signaling pathways during seed germination and aging, plant development, and stress adaptation.
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    Hydrogen Peroxide Signalling Mechanisms and Crosstalk in Plant Development and Stress Responses
    (CRC Press, 2025) Mohd Tanveer Alam Khan, Taiba Saeed, Aqeel Ahmad, Qazi Fariduddin , Mohammad Yusuf
    Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recognized as a crucial signalling molecule that mediates physiological and biochemical processes in plants, regulating various development and stress responses. Hydrogen Peroxide: Signalling Mechanisms and Crosstalk in Plant Development and Stress Responses presents a comprehensive overview of hydrogen peroxide’s modes of action in plants, demonstrating the important role played in plant stress signaling and communication. It produces key topics in H2O2 research such as plant signaling, molecular responses, and interaction with other hormones. Features · Discusses experiments interrelated to H2O2 signalling pathway in plants under various environmental conditions. · Addresses important concerns in H2O2 research from a wide range of organisms, including plants and prokaryotes such as bacteria and archaea. · Collects, summarizes, and presents developments in plant signaling and communication. · Aids scientists and breeders in developing strategies to enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. Environmental stress is destructively disturbing plant growth and efficiency, resulting in concerns to improve food crop yield, and H2O2 has immense field implications as it is vital in regulating plant growth and stress responses. Hydrogen Peroxide: Signalling Mechanisms and Crosstalk in Plant Development and Stress Responses is an invaluable resource for researchers and scientists to use as a guide to conduct studies on environmental conditions of the plant hydrogen peroxide signaling systems.