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    Role of Flavonoids in Inflammatory Lung Disorders
    (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2026) Gazala Noor, Badruddeen, Mohd Aftab Siddiqui
    Inflammatory lung disorders include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to their chronic nature, these conditions are a huge burden to the global health environment. These conditions have fewer options for therapy. Flavonoids, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, have emerged as promising agents in modulating inflammatory pathways associated with these disorders. This chapter covers the biochemical mechanisms involved in flavonoid activity, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory action. Through inhibition of main inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, ROS, and NF-κB, flavonoids may decrease inflammatory and oxidative stress reactions within the lungs, thereby preventing damage in lung tissue. The work reviews clinical and preclinical studies conducted on the effectiveness of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, hesperidin, and naringin, that have shown potential in diminishing symptoms and improving lung condition. Finally, challenges in the translation of flavonoid research into clinical practice, bioavailability and standardization among them, are discussed. This comprehensive analysis underlines the potential of flavonoids as adjunctive therapies in inflammatory lung disorders, offering new avenues for treatment and prevention strategies.
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    The Impact of Air Pollution and Environmental Factors on COVID-19 Transmission
    (2023) Tahmeena Khan; Alfred J. Lawrence , Vinay P. Aneja
    SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has caused serious mortal damage to the human race. The virus causes respiratory infections, and many studies are trying to comprehend the mode of spread and infection. This chapter has explained the origin of the virus, its structure and activity domain, symptoms, medicinal interventions, and particularly various modes of spread with emphasis on air pollution as contributing and facilitating factors assisted with favourable meteorological conditions, including temperature and relative humidity. Pieces of evidence from different countries suggest that the spread of the virus may be facilitated by air pollution and people who are exposed to high pollution levels are more susceptible to falling victim to the virus. Transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 may be facilitated by the airborne particulate matter, and both particulate matter and coronavirus cause oxidative stress in the body that helps in enhancing the susceptibility and severity towards respiratory infection. Not only ambient air pollution, but indoor air pollution (IAP) is also a factor worth considering. People in developing and under-developed nations are at high risk as they are exposed to high IAP levels. Awareness must be created to educate them about the associated harmful consequences, including the risk of catching the lethal COVID-19 infection. In the absence of any concrete medicinal solution, it is necessary to build immunity which may be uplifted by the usage of natural food sources, including herbs and spices. An overview of some commonly available herbs and spices of medicinal importance has also been given in the chapter.