Faculty Publications

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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia

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Author: search.filters.author.Afreen Fatima

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    The Changing Landscape of Indian Stock Market on Retail Investor Engagement
    (Book Rivers, 2025) Afreen Fatima
    This study examines the changing status of Indian stock markets, with a particular emphasis on the Bombay and National Stock Exchanges, and their influence on retail investor participation. It emphasized the historical development of the Indian equity market by discussing major significant milestones like the 1990s economic liberalization, the establishment of BSE and NSE, and the deployment of electronic trading systems. This study also discusses the impact of Indian stock markets' volatility concerning global indices, emphasizing investor risks and opportunities. Additionally, it covers the transformation of the Indian stock market, influenced by regulatory changes, technological progress, and the introduction of new financial offerings. This study concludes with an essay on how events like the COVID-19 pandemic and the Centre elections have influenced market volatility and investor behavior.
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    Equity For All: The Growth and Implication of Retail Investors in India
    (Book Rivers, 2025) Afreen Fatima
    The Indian equity market has experienced a significant surge in the number of retail investors over the last decade due to many factors, such as digitalization, demonetization, enhanced financial literacy, and diverse investment options. This shift has given more accessibility to equities, particularly in tier-2 and tier-3 cities, a significant increase in Demat account openings, and switching from traditional to market investments. Although retail investors have a significant share of the market's turnover, they possess limited experience and exposure to market volatility and, at the same time, expect unrealistic returns, which leads to enhanced difficulties in dealing with equities. However, SEBI, NSDL, and other sources are utilized in this study to analyze retail investor growth trends, challenges faced by these investors, as well as the wider implications for India's financial system. The findings were presented. The data gathered for SEBI and NSDL were applied to analyze the growth of retail investors, the challenges they face, and their implications in the equity market. The findings of this study reveal that retail investors need to enhance their investment education and rely more on regulatory protection, growth, and the safety of return of retail investors from market transparency to potential risks.
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    Global Urban Sustainability: Uniting Cities through the U20 Agenda
    (Sandpiper Publishers, 2024) Afreen Fatima
    Major cities from all around the world meet as the U20 (Urban 20) to talk about shared urban problems and work together to find answers. City leaders use the U20 Summit as a forum to discuss ideas, best practices, and urban sustainability advocacy. The U20 Agenda 2023 is centered on several topics related to urban sustainable development. These objectives, which prioritize inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities, are in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. As a result, the paper’s goal is to investigate the U20 agenda and its impact on county’s development. Cities from G20 nations may hold conversations on a range of crucial urban development challenges, such as social inclusion, affordable housing, sustainable mobility, and climate change, according to the U20 platform. Priority areas are climate action include mitigating emissions, improving urban resilience, addressing climate change, encouraging fairness, communal unity, and all citizens' access to essential services is known as Social Inclusion. Urban infrastructure includes improving public areas, transit, and infrastructure. Governance and collaboration include encouraging collaborations between cities and fortifying governance frameworks. A descriptive study is undertaken to ascertain the goals and data is collected from a variety of reports, journals and research papers, with a focus on stressing that the study exclusively relies on secondary sources. The study’s primary conclusion is Together, the U20 cities collaborate on projects, exchange expertise, and push for laws that support sustainable urban growth. They hope to have a good influence on the local, national, and international levels by working together. Second, the 21st century presents several issues for urban regions like rapid urbanization in environmental threats, water, food, and energy resource scarcity, uneven provision of resources in inequality, and loss of green spaces in urban sprawl.
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    Driving Sustainability: An Integrated Approach of 4G Model for Green Manufacturing, Retailing, Advertising, and Product Offering
    (RUDRA PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS, 2023) Afreen Fatima
    We are all witnessing a green drive in our economy, which not only focuses on the fulfilment of consumer needs and wants but also on the needs of the environment. In the modern world, numerous innovative changes are occurring in order to configure a new system or process of carrying out an operation in a market, where satisfaction is concerned with both the consumer and the environment. Therefore, it is important to learn about the many mechanisms that are present in the market today so that one can make use of them to allocate resources as efficiently as possible while preventing waste and environmental damage. In addition to studying the various elements that make up a market for a green mechanism, this research seeks to simplify the paradigm for implementing a green mechanism, which will aid businesses in embracing “go green” campaigns. In order to ensure that the use of such resources results in sustainability, this paper also aims to provide a brief analysis of these ideas and their significance in the rapidly evolving modern world. This will assist us in achieving our objectives for sustainable development and enable us to configure a more accurate model of the green mechanism that is being used in our markets. The idea of zero waste, which advocates for the economical use of resources allocated in a way that supports the idea of sustainable development, is also evident in today’s world.