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Author: search.filters.author.Ahmad, Iffat Zareen

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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Role of Nanotechnology in the Development of Photoprotective Formulations
    (Springer, 2023) Dwivedi, Sonam; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    Nanotechnology derives from the technology that entailed its designing, production, and application in the nanometer range. Incorporation of nanotechnology in the cosmetic formulation commences the thrust area of research. Nanosized cosmetic formulations offer increased UV protection, penetrate deep into the skin layer, and provide effective release of ingredients, with good solubility and stability. Many of them also exhibit UV protective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The magnificence of micellar nanoparticles has now become the latest fascinating nanotechnology in the international and local cosmetic market. The micellar nanoparticles effectively enhance the surface area and actively transport the bioactive compounds into the skin. Vesicular nanosystems such as liposome and niosomes are versatile in nature and are able to encapsulate bioactive compounds of different solubilities. Natural compounds with photoprotective activity have created interest in the area of cosmetic formulation since they reduce the oxidative stress, toxicity, and damage caused by radiation. Nanocosmetics can be found in a variety of products ranging from hair care to sunscreen to oral care. The information provided in this chapter about various photoprotection formulations serves as a guide for future research to meet the necessary standards in the cosmeceuticals and cosmetics industries.
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    Regulation of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Cycles and Nitrogen Assimilation in Higher Plants and Microalgae by Melatonin
    (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2023) Sarfraz, Haram; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    Melatonin is assumed to have originated in bacteria, as it has been discovered in both proteobacteria and photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Melatonin promotes the immune system in plants, altering circadian cycles and leaf stomatal closure. Melatonin is a multifunctional chemical found in plants and microalgae. It primarily functions as an antioxidant. Melatonin scavenges reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen in plants and microalgae, protecting them from cellular damages. Melatonin is also involved in the germination, growth, rooting, photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation of plant seeds. Melatonin influences lipid synthesis in microalgae under nitrogen stress. Abiotic stress produced by the activation of antioxidant enzymes has been overcome by the exogenous melatonin treatment in microalgae, which eradicates the reactive oxygen species produced, thus playing a role as an effector molecule. Due to the presence of circadian rhythms endogenously in some species of plants, melatonin played a central role in the regulation of the day-night cycle. This chapter deals with understanding the regulatory role of melatonin in photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation in plants and microalgae in detail. More specifically, our knowledge escalates towards the role of melatonin in physiological studies in plants and microalgae and their future prospects.
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    Linum usitatissimum L.: Rich Storehouse of Pharmacologically Active Metabolites in Indian Traditional Medicine
    (Springer, 2023) Sarfraz, Haram; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    Indigenous traditional medicines in India use a lot of plant ingredients and their derivatives. Linum usitatissimum L. commonly known as ‘Alsi’ or ‘Tisi’, in India or ‘Flax’ in English, is one such pharmacologically rich plants. Phytochemicals (e.g.: phenolic acids, lignans, and flavonoids) are found naturally in Linum usitatissimum. While scientific data support flaxseed eating, a sizable portion of the public remains uninformed of the advantages and potential uses. The present chapter summarizes the available information on the traditional uses of Linum usitatissimum L. and its pharmacologically active natural constituents.
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    Antidiabetic properties of Linum usitatissimum L. seed: A promising medicinal plant
    (Academic Press, 2023) Sarfraz, Haram; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    Herbal medicine has grown exponentially in popularity over the last several years, garnering favor in both developed and developing countries due to its natural origin and absence of negative effects. Medicinal herbs have been existing as a rich yet untapped source of antidiabetic agents, despite the fact that they have been used to cure diabetes mellitus since early times. Linum usitatissimum L., or flaxseed, is a rich source of antioxidant and antidiabetic phytochemical compounds such as lignans, phenolic acids, and flavonoids and hence has a significant potential for lowering the incidence and delaying the development of diabetes in humans.
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    Cydonia oblonga Mill.: Wound Healing Properties
    (Springer, 2023) Khan, Elhan; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    Traditional and indigenous medicines make significant use of natural raw materials and derivatives of natural products. Cydonia oblonga Mill, commonly known as ‘Behi’, in India or ‘Quince’ in English, belongs to the family of Rosaceae. Quince is one of the plants that has been traditionally cultivated for its medicinal, nutritional, and decorative properties. In India, quince is typically cultivated in backyards and on fence corners in Jammu and Kashmir and certain portions of Himachal Pradesh. Quince seed mucilage (QSM) is reported to have a significant wound healing potential, as it is believed to be the best for biomedical functions as it contains biocompatible, inexpensive, water-soluble glucuronoxylan and glucuronic acid-based biomaterials. QSM is utilized to make creams, nano-bandages, and dermal patches for the treatment of both two-degree burn wounds and inflammation caused by microbial infections. Nanoparticles of QSM (silver and zinc oxide) are also reported to attain synergistic wound healing activity with increased efficacy. There is still a need for clinical trials and research to evaluate quince-based extracts and QSM for their efficacy and safety.
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    Cyanobacteria in Ocean
    (Springer, 2023) Dwivedi, Sonam; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    An important turning point in the Earth’s surface’s geochemical history may be seen with the appearance of cyanobacteria, which were widespread towards the end of the Pre-Cambrian. Marine cyanobacteria are not only an important source of atmospheric oxygen, but they are also prolific manufacturers of secondary metabolites, frequently in spite of having incredibly small genomes. These organisms create a wide variety of complex secondary metabolites, including pigments, fluorescent dyes, and physiologically active substances of particular interest to the pharmaceutical sector. A diverse phylum of nitrogen-fixing, photo-oxygenic bacteria with the ability to colonize a variety of settings is known as cyanobacteria. Aside from their primary function as diazotrophs, they also produce a large number of bioactive compounds, frequently as secondary metabolites, with a variety of biological and ecological activities that should be further studied. Of all the species that have been found, cyanobacteria are able to coexist in marine habitats in symbiotic partnerships with creatures like sponges, invertebrates. It has been shown that these symbioses significantly alter the physiology of cyanobacteria and cause the synthesis of bioactive chemicals that are typically not produced. In fact, an exchange of infochemicals causes metabolic alterations in cyanobacteria involved in symbiotic relationships and activates pathways that have been shut. Studies on drug discovery have shown that these compounds have intriguing biotechnological possibilities. This chapter reviews the importance of cyanobacteria in ocean and their economic importance, and future prospects.
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    Artemisia annua L.: Comprehensive Review of Pharmacological Properties
    (Springer, 2023) Ahamd, Nafish; Khan, Riyazuddine; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    Artemisia annua L. has been diagnosed as a potent medicinal herb and has been well documented in the historical pharmacopoeias of distinctive Asian and European nations. The WHO has suggested Artemisia annua as a potential pharmacological agent and as an antimalaria drug. The entire plant has been recognized to possess antipyretic, antihelminthic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, stimulant, carminative, and stomachic properties. In African, Artemisia annua brew has been used to deal with malaria. A. annua has a key ingredient known as artemisinin, which serves as the chemical basis for the world’s antimalarial programmes and combinatorial curative therapy. Current research indicates that artemisinin is active in killing human breast cancer cells. As a result, the characterization and separation of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. has received augmented global interest.
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    Applications of Metallic Nanomaterials for the Desalination of Water
    (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2023) Rabab, Anjum; Tabassum, Heena; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen
    The Earth has around 71% of its surface covered with water but all of it is not fit for human consumption. Due to increasing global warming and climate change, the global scarcity of safe and clean potable drinking water has come into the limelight. Water scarcity is not a novel issue. It has already affected almost every continent of this blue planet. It is driven by two primary sources: increasing demand for fresh water due to the increase in population and over exhaustion of the available freshwater resources. The increasing demand for freshwater has compelled the scientists to come up with novel and innovative ideas to remove the salinity of brackish water to make it fit for day to day human use. During the past decade, stress has been given to extract fresh, clean and safe potable elixir of life from the bountiful stores of sea water by exploiting various technologies. As nanomaterials are providing promising solutions to almost all our problems, they are again being accessed in order to combat the problem of global freshwater scarcity. Desalination methods have marvellously improved under the impact of nanomaterials. Different metallic nanomaterials are being used to serve this purpose; for example silver, iron, zinc, titanium dioxide in addition to natural and synthetically derived polymeric bionanomaterials. In the present chapter, a brief account of all the metallic nanomaterials which are being used for desalination of water has been provided by thorough investigation on the research done till now. It strives to throw light on various materials and methods which are based on the exploitation of nanotechnology for the desalination of water.