This book chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of modern zoos in ex-situ conservation, with a specific emphasis on the scientific, legal, and ethical frameworks that govern their operations. It explores the historical evolution of zoological institutions from simple menageries to their current status as critical hubs for wildlife conservation, research and public education. The importance of ex-situ conservation is underscored by its function as a vital complement to in-situ efforts, providing a last chance for the survival of species threatened by habitat loss and other human-driven factors. The chapter highlights the implementation of meticulously coordinated captive breeding programs and the use of studbooks to ensure genetic diversity and demographic stability in captive populations.
