Faculty Publications

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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia

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Start date: 2023Has files: Yes

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 936
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    Contourlet Transform Based Listless Block Cube Tree Coding for Hyperspectral Images
    (IEEE, 2026) Shrish Bajpai, Divya Sharma, Naimur Rahman Kidwai
    The performance of compression algorithms at low bit rates is a critical benchmark, particularly for hyperspectral imaging where the fidelity of reconstruction is paramount. Although wavelet-based approaches are prevalent in the literature, they frequently present a trilemma of undesirable trade-offs, suffering from insufficient coding efficiency, exorbitant memory requirements, or high computational overhead. The proposed compression algorithm employees advance wavelet transform to leverage both spectral and spatial redundancies found in HS data cubes. Present study explores the utilization of block tree coding algorithm and contourlet transform to compress HS images. The primary goal is to enhance the coding efficiency while minimizing storage and transmission requirements. The proposed compression algorithm is evaluated on four benchmarks against eight state of art other compression algorithms on three performance metrics named coding efficiency, coding memory and coding complexity. In addition, it has low encoding/decoding time than other compression algorithm. From the simulation result, it has been clear that proposed compression algorithm has 2% to 4% increase in coding efficiency compared to the other state of art compression algorithms.
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    Reinforcement Learning Controlled Variable Speed Limits in Urban Expressway Mixed Traffic
    (IEEE, 2026) Alfayez Ahmad, Mohd Sadat, Syed Aqeel Ahmad, Shrish Bajpai, Mehmet Ali Silgu
    Increase in Rapid urbanization has intensified traffic congestion, delays, and emissions on urban expressways, revealing the limitations of conventional control strategies. This study aims to develops a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based Variable Speed Limit (VSL) control framework using a Deep QNetwork (DQN) implemented in the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) environment to enhance traffic efficiency at an expressway merging section. Traffic data used was collected using a video camera recorder and radar speed gun, with vehicle trajectories extracted through the Traffic Data Extractor developed by IIT Bombay. The model implemented was calibrated and validated using field observations from two sitesone representing uninterrupted flow and the other in an onramp merging area. The simulation compared three configurations: a baseline case without control, a conventional rule-based VSL controller, and the proposed DQN-based VSL approach and the findings reveal that the DQN agent achieved a 18.8% reduction in total travel time compared to the baseline, while the rule-based VSL controller worsened performance by 21.7%. The learning-based controller effectively mitigated congestion, reduced shockwave formation, maintained higher average speeds, and improved travel time reliability under dynamic and stochastic traffic conditions demonstrating that a reinforcement learning-driven VSL system can significantly enhance both traffic flow efficiency and user-level reliability, outperforming traditional heuristic control strategies on urban expressways.
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    Pesticide Contamination in Soil and Water: Type of Pesticide, Route of Expose, and Its Toxic Impacts
    (Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2026) Priyanka Yadav, Diksha Singh, Shivani Mishra, Kusum Yadav, Ravi Yadav, Alok Das, Gyanendra Tripathi, Ashish, Alvina Farooqui
    One important concept in the sphere of agricultural development is pesticides. Consequently, the use of pesticides results in both acute and chronic toxicities in humans, and their detrimental impacts on the environment along with human health continue to be major concerns in the modern world. Therefore, there needs to be discussion about the methods for applying pesticides, the routes via which they are exposed to them, and the health hazards connected to their use. The health dangers posed by pesticide applications and exposure in developing countries are among the primary concerns. In addition to being physically exposed to pesticides through their work in agriculture and the home, along with other industries, people were also exposed indirectly to them through environmental media, for example, food, trash, and soil. The pesticides were administered to humans orally, respiratorily, and topically. Humans who are indirectly or directly exposed to pesticides may contract the effects of acute toxicity as well as chronic diseases.
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    Toxicity of Heavy Metals
    (Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2026) Priyanka Yadav, Diksha Singh, Shivani Mishra, Kusum Yadav, Ravi Yadav, Alok Das, Gyanendra Tripathi, Ashish
    Because of their tendency to persist in the atmosphere, their toxicity, and their capacity to bioaccumulate within our bodies, heavy metals are recognized as environmental contaminants. The pollution of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems contaminated with hazardous heavy metals is a major environmental concern, with consequences for public health. Heavy metals are generally found in nature, but some of them are derived from so-called anthropogenic sources. The characterization of heavy metals is based on their toxicity to living organisms and their high atomic mass. Most heavy metals can cause atmospheric and environmental pollution and may also be lethal to humans. The combination of heavy metals with various environmental factors, such as soil, air, and water, as well as human beings, can make them more poisonous. Additionally, other living organisms could come into contact with heavy metals via the food chain.
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    Enhancing Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making Technique in Engineering Design Problem
    (Springer, Cham, 2025) Syed Adnan Afaq, Shweta Dwivedi, Mohammad Faisal, Subrata Jana, Ummey Habiba, Mohammed Siddique
    Fuzzy logic provides a powerful tool for addressing the complexities and uncertainties in multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. Allowing for degrees of truth effectively handles the vagueness inherent in human judgments and subjective evaluations. In MCDM, fuzzy logic employs fuzzy sets and membership functions to represent linguistic variables like “high,” “medium,” and “low.” Key methodologies include fuzzy aggregation operators and fuzzy multi-attribute utility theory, which integrate individual criterion evaluations into a comprehensive decision metric. Applications span diverse fields such as engineering, economics, environmental management, and healthcare, where it aids in evaluating alternatives under uncertain conditions. Fuzzy logic’s ability to capture and process imprecise information enhances the robustness and flexibility of MCDM processes, offering a valuable approach for decision-makers facing complex, multifaceted problems.
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    A Comprehensive Analysis of Vulnerabilities and Cybersecurity Issues for Digital Agriculture and Food Industry
    (Taylor & Francis CRC Press, 2025) Gausiya Yasmeen, Syed Adnan Afaq, Saman Uzma
    The foundation of practically all countries in the globe is agriculture. Every cycle's area, from jobs to satiating food needs, is affected. The world's population is expanding more swiftly, which necessitates feeding more stomachs. To fulfill the growing demand for food, smart technology like IoT – Internet of Things – is already being applied in agriculture. Due to the widespread use of IoT technologies, virtually every sector of the economy, including food and agriculture, is also affected by digital transformation. Smart gadgets are routinely utilized by an extensive throng, including farmers and business owners. Such kinds of instruments are utilized in varied ways, from employing drones to assist with tasks like pesticide spraying to continuously nursing the health of harvests and the humidity content of the soil. The advantages of smart agriculture are immense; the condition of soil and seed traits can be observed using smart data, and new technology can provide conveniences never before possible while also enhancing the management and standard of agricultural farming. The advancement of agriculture to smart farming has resulted in an increase in cyber threats. Smart farming ecosystems are, however, exposed to a variety of cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities due to the employing of IoT and smart communication technologies. Ransomware is the cyberattack that affects the food industry the most frequently right now. Such hacks may cause economic instability in countries that heavily rely on agriculture. As per reports food inflation has risen up to 4.5% which was earlier 3% in the year 2023. Moreover, this year was declared “El Nino” which can result in growth of the hunger index in poor nations. So, modern cultures' food supply chains are essential components. It employs network connections and is fully digitalized, just like other facets of life. Nevertheless, the widespread practice of technical know-how comes with built-in security dangers and weaknesses, and both industries are now under more scrutiny than ever. The chapter presents a complete study on the protection and confidentiality related to food industries and agriculture sector data.
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    Cybersecurity Challenges and Countermeasures in Smart Cities for Sustainable Environment Development: A Comprehensive Analysis of Threats and Resilience Strategies
    (Taylor & Francis CRC Press, 2025) Saurabh Srivastava, Tasneem Ahmed, Nayyar Ali Usmani, Syed Adnan Afaq, Mohammad Faisal
    The smart city aims to raise the standard of living for its citizens. Intelligent transportation, automated traffic control, computerized medical services, and health monitoring systems are basic requirements of a smart city. Smart cities have greatly multiplied, mostly in developing countries. Urban resilience is garnering greater attention and interest concurrently due to growing worry over significant concerns such as climate change, natural catastrophes, and other hazards. Despite the emphasis on enhancing urban resilience, the majority of study has been on defining urban resilience rather than how to put policies that would support urban resilience into practice. A growing number of cities around the world have begun to develop smart plans to address these problems, promote citizen well-being, drive economic growth, and effectively and sustainably administer modern cities. The application can be installed on a smartphone and the application uses the resources of a smartphone like WiFi, sensors, and Internet which decreases the cost of the application but increases the chances of the user's personal information being stolen. Since the smartphone holds a lot of private information about the user, including social networking and bank account details, hackers may be able to utilize the personal facts to harm the user.
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    Cyberbullying: Understanding, Preventing, and Addressing Online Harassment
    (Taylor & Francis CRC Press, 2025) Syed Adnan Afaq, Mohammad Faisal, Saurabh Srivastava, Tasneem Ahmed, Gausiya Yasmeen, Soni Singh, Saman Uzma
    Cyberbullying is a major social issue in the digital age. Electronic communication is used to intentionally injure, harass, or scare others. This chapter seeks to explain cyberbullying, how it appears, and how it impacts both victims and perpetrators. Cyberbullying affects all ages and backgrounds. Social dependence on online platforms for communication and engagement has made it increasingly frequent. Preventing and treating it is crucial since it can harm mental health, well-being, and relationships. The chapter begins with defining cyberbullying and its prevalence online. We examine the complex digital interactions that enable cyberbullying and how it evolves. As technology connects individuals, it makes these things easier; therefore, we need to understand how they function. In extreme circumstances, cyberbullying can cause emotional distress, lower grades, social isolation, and self-harm or suicide. Hurting communications, cyberstalking, doxxing, impersonation, and exclusionary practices are examples. The next section examines the causes of cyberbullying, revealing the intricacies of digital human behavior. Anonymity and the disinhibition effect make people more aggressive online than in person. Technology and social media make cyberbullying easy to cross borders, while lack of empathy, peer pressure, and society standards encourage cyberbullying. The chapter also describes how offline disagreements and bullying can spill over into the digital world, creating a cycle of aggressiveness and victimhood.
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    Liquid biopsy: a precision tool for early detection and management of bone malignancies
    (Apple Academic Press, 2026) S.B. Sai Krishna , Shweta Yadav, Adhrit Chandra Pati Tripathi , Pratima Tripathi
    Noninvasive liquid biopsies represent a transformative approach in bone cancer diagnostics, offering a minimally invasive, real-time alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. Bone cancer, particularly osteosarcoma, is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the challenges of accessing bone tissues for biopsy. Liquid biopsies, which analyze circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, and other biomarkers in blood or other bodily fluids, provide a breakthrough in early detection and monitoring of bone cancers. Liquid biopsies enable the detection of genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and tumor-specific alterations in a patient’s bloodstream, reflecting the current state of the disease. Unlike traditional biopsies that require surgery, liquid biopsies can be performed frequently, offering continuous monitoring of tumor progression, treatment efficacy, and potential recurrence. This is particularly important in bone cancers, where conventional biopsies are often painful, risky, and not always feasible due to the location of the tumor. Moreover, liquid biopsies hold potential in personalized medicine. By analyzing the genetic landscape of the cancer in real-time, physicians can tailor treatments based on specific molecular alterations, optimizing therapy and minimizing side effects. Liquid biopsies also show promise in identifying minimal residual disease, potentially allowing for earlier intervention in cases of relapse. Despite their potential, liquid biopsies in bone cancer diagnostics face challenges such as sensitivity, specificity, and standardization of methods. However, ongoing research and technological advancements are rapidly improving their accuracy and reliability. In conclusion, noninvasive liquid biopsies mark a new era in bone cancer diagnostics, providing a less invasive, more dynamic, and personalized approach to disease detection and management, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.
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    The Indirect Effect of Digitalisation And E-Commerce On Air Pollution
    (Book Rivers, 2025) Zia Afroz, Aiman Siddiqui
    Digitalisation means 'use o f online services o r technology', and E-Commerce means 'online shopping'. People started using online services to save time, but the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the sector even more. Buyers started purchasing through online portals,which created employment opportunities and increased vehicle use, which increased air pollution i n urban areas. Secondly, the overuse of packaging material is also one of the causes of environmental degradation. Vehicle pollution is more dominant among other air pollution factors due to particulate matter (PM). Particulate matter (PM) refers to air pollutants that come in various sizes, measured in micrometers (um). These particles can pose significant health risks, especially those with smaller diameters like MI, PM2.5, and PM10. This paper aims t o study the indirect effects o f digitalization and e-commerce on air pollution results from changes in transportation patterns, packaging, and consumer behavior.