Faculty Publications
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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia
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Item Elicitation-Based Biotechnological Interventions to Promote Hairy Root Growth and Biomass Yield(Springer, Singapore, 2025) Kahkashan Khatoon, Zafar Iqbal Warsi, Tahreem Junaid, Syed Saema, Gazala Parween, Laiq Ur RahmanHairy root cultures, produced through genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes,represent a highly dependable and metabolically efficient biosynthetic system. Their rapid growth and genetic stability make them ideal for the sustained production of biomass and high-value secondary metabolites under controlled in vitro conditions. Owing to their high transgene expression capabilities, they hold immense promise for scalable bioactive compound production and molecular farming across pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. This chapter explores advanced biotechnological strategies aimed at enhancing hairy root productivity through elicitation and optimization of culture conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the critical roles of carbon sources especially sucrose, macro- and micronutrients in regulating metabolic fluxes and supporting robust root development. Furthermore, the synergistic influence of physiological factors such as oxygen availability, temperature regimes, and light intensity on biomass accumulation and metabolite biosynthesis is thoroughly examined. Elicitors like methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and sodium nitroprusside are discussed for their ability to activate plant defense pathways and stimulate secondary metabolism. Integration of innovative bioreactor designs and precise environmental control systems significantly enhances scalability and yield. Overall, this comprehensive analysis highlights hairy root cultures as a transformative tool in plant biotechnology, offering sustainable and efficient platforms for the commercial production of therapeutically valuable natural products.Item Advances in Elicitor-Mediated Secondary Metabolite Production in Plant Cell Suspensions: Factors and Mechanisms(Springer, Singapore, 2025) Gazala Parween, Sabika Akram, Tanya Singh, Syed Saema, Kahkashan Khatoon, Laiq Ur RahmanSecondary metabolites are diverse bioactive compounds produced by plants, playing crucial roles in defense against pathogens, pests, and environmental stress. Due to their pharmacological properties, these metabolites are highly valued in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. The cell suspension culture technique has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance the production of these secondary metabolites. The growth and productivity of cell suspensions are influenced by multiple factors, including cell size, temperature, pH, nutrient media composition, growth kinetics, light exposure, and inoculum density. Optimizing these parameters is essential to enhance cell viability and maximize metabolite yield. By improving growth conditions and employing elicitors, such as biotic and abiotic stimuli, this method stimulates metabolite biosynthesis, offering a scalable and efficient approach for producing high-value compounds. This knowledge paves the way for the development of advanced, large-scale cell suspension culture systems tailored to specific medicinal plants, enabling sustainable and high-yield production of secondary metabolites.Item Hornbills: Allies of Farmers In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture & Food Sciences(Iterative International Publishers, 2024) Ruchira Nigam, Asif Ahmad Siddiqui, Ruby Yadav, Monowar Alam Khalid, Chitra SinghThe 62 species of hornbills around the world are extravagant birds with over-sized beaks that are found in tropical Asia, Africa, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. They are icons of their forest habitat. Because they spread the seeds of several tropical trees, they are frequently referred to as the "farmers of the forest" because of the way they spread forest tree seeds over the area they fly over. Hombills regurgitate or vomit the seeds after eating as they typically occupy a home range of at least 10 km, they may disperse seeds across a far larger area with far greater efficiency than other smaller frugivores. They are a sign of a balanced and prosperous forest. For this reason, hornbills are regarded as an indicator species. The tale of how the bond between these birds and the long-standing custom of protecting forests in the name of a deity has helped to preserve both the unprotected forests and sacred groves throughout wide-ranging terrain. In recognition of the significance of these birds, and to ensure the continuity of this unique alliance, conservation initiatives have gained a greater spotlight. Conservation organizations, farmers, and local communities are working together to protect hornbill habitats and spread awareness among the local communities for safeguarding the agricultural landscapes inhabited by them by fostering a greater appreciation of the ecological and cultural worth of hornbills.Item Genetic improvement of pelargonium, an important aromatic plant, through biotechnological approaches(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Pooja Singh, Syed Saema , Laiq ur RahmanPelargonium is one of the most recognized aromatic herbs due to its wide distribution around several countries and its perfumery and aromatherapy properties. The present chapter aims at exploring the current scientific study the various species of Pelargonium along with its significance. The essential oil of Pelargonium contains more th 120 monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes obtained from the steam distillation of herbaceous parts. Citronellol, geraniol, rhodinol, 6, 9 -guaidiene, and lO-epi-γ eudesmol are the principal components responsible for its oil quality. Traditionally, propagation of pelargonium is done through cuttings from its mother plant material. However, the tissue culture approach is one of the reliable techniques for propagation and conservation, not influenced by environmental conditions. More likely, tissue culture approaches used are somatic embryogenesi callus culture, direct regeneration, meristem culture, and hairy root culture. Transcriptome analysis has also been carried out in Pelargonium graveolens to understand the metabolic pathway. In order to accomplish the maximum oil production and better geranium varieties through genetic engineering, Agrobacterium mediated transformation systems have been developed. These standardised genetic transformation procedures were used to over-express, silencing, and heterologous expression of desired genes in Pelargonium to understand the outcome and succeed with enhanced essential oil production with better quality for the ultimate benefit. © 2024 Bentham Scien Publishers. All rights reserved.Item Wildlife and Plastic Debris: A Dangerous Encounter(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam Khalid; Azra IkramPlastic pollution has a significant impact on wildlife around the world. The presence of plastic waste in ecosystems poses a serious threat to marine and terrestrial animals. Marine animals such as sea turtles, whales and seabirds often mistake plastic debris for food, leading to ingestion and entanglement. This can result in severe injuries, suffocation, and even death. Plastic pollution also disrupts habitats and food chains, affecting the overall health and balance of ecosystems. Management of plastic waste is inadequate in all most all developing countries because of low environmental standards, poor waste recovery and disposal systems, low economic status, lack of awareness of public, poor hygienic and living standards and no strict law enforcement. It's crucial that we take action to reduce plastic pollution and protect our precious wildlife.Item Understanding The Impact of Air Pollution on Birds with special reference to Hornbills(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam Khalid, Ruchira Nigam, Asif Ahmad Siddiqui, Chitra SinghAir pollution is a pressing issue with far-reaching consequences, transcending human boundaries and affecting the intricate web of life. Birds, often overlooked victims of environmental degradation, serve as crucial indicators of ecological health. In the grand tapestry of nature, birds are the messengers, their flights narrating the health of our planet. This hook chapter embarks on a journey to uncover the profound consequences of air pollution on avian species, with a particular spotlight on the majestic hornbills. As we delve into the intricacies of their existence, we must heed the silent calls of these winged custodians, signaling the environmental discord caused by our own actions. However, the symphony of their flights is increasingly disrupted by a growing threat of air pollution. Air pollution, being a global environmental challenge, affects not only human health but also has profound consequences for biodiversity. The chapter will navigate through the consequences of this invisible assailant; we uncover the unique vulnerabilities faced by hornbills in the modern era. The chapter will also explore the intricate dance between air pollution and our feathered friends, with a specific focus on the unique and charismatic hornbills. As we navigate through the impacts, Intricacies and conservation challenges, we aim to understand the symphony of the skies disrupted by the unseen hands of pollution.Item Environmental Problems, Protection and Policies(978-81-969585-2-7, 2024) Monowar Alam KhalidItem Environmental NGO’S and their Role in Solving Environmental Issues: A Review(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam Khalid, Mohsina Khan"The definition of the related word ""environ"" is ""to surround"" or ""enclose"". Our planet, Earth, sustains life and provides for the natural world. It includes both living and non-living beings. Moreover, the earth is distinguished from other worlds by its ability to sustain life. Each biotic and abiotic component of an ecosystem plays a role in the development, evolution and survival of the organisms that inhabit it. The natural environment is essential to life as we know it on Earth and plays an important role in the growth and development of humans, animals and other living things. Disturbances in the regular functioning of ecosystems are termed Environmental Problems. Furthermore, these problems may arise naturally or as a result of human activity and affects on the environment. They are deemed catastrophic if the ecosystem is predicted to collapse with certainty and serious if it is not able to recover under the current circumstances. For the sake of the environment, people and wildlife, environmental protection is the practice of preserving the natural environment at the individual, governmental and non-governmental organizational (NGO) levels. The social and environmental movement, known as Environmentalism, uses action, legislation, education, and advocacy to address environmental challenges."Item Environmental Ethics and Sustainability(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Asif Ahmad Siddiqui, Ruchira Nigam, Monowar Alam KhalidEnvironmental ethics and sustainability stand at the forefront of global discourse, presenting a paradigm that intertwines moral considerations with the imperative for long-term ecological balance. The foundation of environmental ethics is rooted in recognizing the intrinsic value of nature, transcending anthropocentric perspectives to embrace a holistic view of our relationship with the environment. It emphasizes stewardship, responsibility, and the moral obligation to preserve and respect the natural world. Sustainability, on the other hand, embodies the harmony between environmental preservation, social equity, and economic prosperity, striving to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. The historical evolution of environmental ethics unveils a trajectory from anthropocentrism to more inclusive ethical frameworks that prioritize the intrinsic worth of ecosystems and species. It highlights key milestones, including the emergence of conservation movements, influential environmental. literature, and the rise of global initiatives focused on sustainable development and conservation. Practical applications of environmental ethics and sustainability manifest through policy implementation, education, and public awareness initiatives. These applications aim to bridge the gap between ethical principles and actionable measures, fostering a shift in societal norms, business practices and policy frameworks towards sustainability. However, challenges persist, stemming from conflicting interests, economic pressures, and the urgency to balance human needs with environmental preservation. Yet, within these challenges lie opportunities for innovation, technological advancements and collective action that can drive progress towards a sustainable future. In conclusion, environmental ethics and sustainability herald a future that transcends short-term gains, advocating for a world where ethical considerations and sustainable practices harmonize for the well-being of both humanity and the planet. The journey towards this future requires a collective commitment, where individuals, communities, businesses and governments unite in a shared pursuit of a more sustainable and equitable world.Item CLIMATE RESILIENCE: BASIC CONCEPTS AND UNDER- STANDING FOR CLIMATIC STUDY(Academic Publishers and Distributors, Lucknow, U.P., 2024) Mohd Kashif Khan; Ambrina Sardar Khan, Prateek SrivastavaClimate resilience is a crucial concept in the face of increasing climate change impacts.As global temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent and sea levels continue to rise, societies and ecosystems are at greater risk. Climate resilience encompasses a set of strategies and measures aimed at building the capacity of systems and communities to adapt, withstand and recover from these impacts. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects related to climate resilience. The chapter begins by defining climate resilience as the ability of a system or community to anticipate, absorb, adapt to and recover from climate change impacts, while maintaining essential functions and structures. It emphasizes the integration of climate considerations into decision- making processes, the implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures and the promotion of sustainable development practices. Basic concepts related to climate resilience are then presented. These concepts include adaptation, which involves adjusting to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience; mitigation, which focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change; vulnerability, which refers to the susceptibility of a system or community to climate change impacts; and resilience-building, which entails implementing strategies to enhance capacity to withstand and recover from climate change. The other important concepts highlighted in the chapter include risk assessment, which evaluates potential climate-related risks and their impacts; adaptive capacity, which relates to the ability to adjust and respond to climate change; cross-sectoral collaboration, emphasizing the importance of integrating efforts across different sectors and stakeholders; nature- based solutions, which harness ecosystem functions to enhance resilience; climate justice, ensuring equitable distribution of costs and benefits; and long-term planning, considering future scenarios and developing strategies for changing conditions. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of climate resilience, highlighting its importance in addressing climate change impacts. Understanding and implementing the basic concepts related to climate resilience is crucial for building a sustainable and resilient future.