Faculty Publications

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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia

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Start date: 2025Subject: search.filters.subject.Breast cancer

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    Purine Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Cancer Treatment
    (Zenodo, 2026) Fiza Farooqui, Anam Saleem, Abdul Rahman Khan, Malik Nasibullah, Jamal Akhtar Ansari
    Many often-used anti-cancer medications are based on heterocyclic compounds, which are fundamental to modern medicinal chemistry. Among these are purine derivatives, which are becoming well-known because of their structural resemblance to natural nucleo bases. This likeness lets them interface with biological targets promoting cancer development. Purine-based substances have shown great anticancer potential in studies on breast cancer by affecting key cellular processes including signal transduction, cell cycle control, programmed cell death, and neovascularization. By precisely altering the purine structure at sites such C-6, N-9, and C-8, new derivatives and hybrid compounds with superior activity, selectivity, and suitable drug-like properties have been created. These substances finally restrict the development and spread of tumor cells by targeting vital molecular targets including heat shock proteins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and enzymes engaged in purine synthesis. Several purine derivatives in particular have shown amazing efficacy against aggressive and therapy-resistant types of breast cancer including triple-negative breast cancer.
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    Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Advances in Breast Cancer
    (Book Rivers, 2026) Heena Bano, Rahul Singh
    Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with multifactorial etiologies encompassing genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It stands as one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation within the breast tissue. Advances in molecular biology have uncovered significant insights into tumorigenesis, including the pivotal roles of genes such as BRCA1/2, p53, and HER2, alongside critical pathways like apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Contemporary diagnostic approaches integrate traditional methods such as mammography with sophisticated genomic profiling to enable early detection and personalized treatment planning. Therapeutic strategies have evolved from conventional chemotherapy and surgery to include targeted therapies and immunotherapy, enhancing treatment outcomes. However, challenges such as drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and treatment side effects persist. This chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer development, molecular diagnostics, current therapeutic interventions, and emerging treatment paradigms.
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    Identifying EphA2-Targeted Lead Compound in Breast Cancer
    (IJERT, 2025) Mohd Nehal, Jahanarah Khatoon, Salman Akhtar, Mohammad Kalim Ahmad Khan
    Ephrin Type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) plays a crucial role in breast cancer cell survival and proliferation, making it a promising therapeutic target. EphA2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and metastatic behavior in melanoma, lung, prostate, brain, breast cancer, and leukemia. In silico analysis identified Mcule- 8617639093 as a potent EphA2 inhibitor. Through proliferation assays targeting EphA2 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found that the virtually identified lead molecule significantly bound to EphA2- overexpressing breast cancer cells at different concentrations. The efficacy of the compound was validated using MTT assays and annexin-V/PI staining. These findings contribute to the development of EphA2- targeted therapies.