Faculty Publications

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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia

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    Greening the future: sustainable agriculture through nanobiotechnology management
    (De Gruyter, 2024) Faria Fatima , Smriti P. Rao
    The current situation is crucial for meeting the world’s population’s fast increasing nutritional needs. Due to infestations of insects, microbial attacks, catastrophic events, inadequate soil quality, and a lack of nutrients, about one-third of crops grown conventionally suffer harm. By contaminating the soil, ongoing fertilizer and pesticide use makes the situation worse. Due to its increased efficacy, reduced input requirements, and lesser environmental toxicity, nanotechnology has recently grown in popularity. Nanotechnology has had a significant impact in the fields of health and pharmacology, while agricultural applications have received far less attention. Sustainable agriculture may benefit from the use of nanotechnology to manage abiotic stress in plants. By imitating the effects of antioxidative enzymes, nanomaterials (NMs) shield plants from oxidative harm in harsh environmental conditions. In agricultural studies, NMs can act as growth regulators, nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nano-antimicrobial agents, targeted transporters in plants, as well as their effectiveness in lowering the risk of abiotic stress in crops. This chapter intends to provide a clear assessment of current knowledge of the different roles of NMs in agricultural studies. Addressing the interactions between plants and NMs provides new options for optimizing agricultural methods by boosting traits like disease resistance, crop output, and effective fertilizer use.
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    Mitigation of Metal Toxicity in Plants Using Silver Nanoparticles
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Kulsum Hashmi, Tahmeena Khan, Saman Raza, Seema Joshi
    Certain metals like Ca, Mg, Cu, and Fe are essential for plant growth while several others, like As, Cd, and Pb are not; the presence of these metals in soilc above a certain threshold concentration is toxic to plants. They lead to several cellular and structural changes in the plants by increasing oxidative stress and modifications in certain metabolic pathways. The plant in turn responds to this stress by several methods like increasing the production of antioxidants and other enzymes. Metal toxicity hampers water uptake, nutrient assimilation and consequently plant growth. As a result, there is a decrease in plant productivity as well as quality, leading to financial loss for the farmers and health problems for the consumers. Several methods are used for the remediation of this toxicity in the soil and the plants, including leaching, use of chelators, phytoremediation, etc. However, most of these techniques have drawbacks like being expensive, hazardous to the environment, unsuitable for varied use and not being target specific. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a safe and effective tool with many desirable outcomes. Its use is being explored in agriculture as well, with nanoparticles being employed in soil fertilizers, disease management and removal of toxins. This chapter describes in detail, the effect of metal toxicity in plants and the use of nanoparticles, for its remediation. AgNPs are of particular interest here, owing to their beneficial effects on plants which have been widely investigated.
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    Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Crop Plant Disease Management
    (Springer Nature, 2025) Tahmeena Khan, Kulsum Hashmi, Sabeeha Jabeen, Seema Joshi, Abdul Rahman Khan, Mohammad Imran Ahmad
    Nanomaterials are being increasingly explored for their utility in modern agricultural practices. Nanomaterials are characterized by their nanoscale dimensions, offering a diverse array of benefits in the agricultural sector. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used for biosensor designing in the diagnosis of plant diseases and as agrichemicals. They are also being explored in phytopathology and plant disease management. This chapter presents an overview of the applications of nanotechnology in plant disease management, particularly the role of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) which have been shown to improve plant stress tolerance and agricultural production. Some specific applications of CNMs such as nano pesticides, herbicides, growth stimulators, and nano biosensors are being disseminated. CNMs such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, reduced graphene oxide etc. have found extensive use as special sorbents for the removal of heavy metals owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Because of the increasing demand for food production in response to climate change, nanotechnology can mitigate several challenges related to plant health and disease management. Henceforth, the regulation of nanomaterials in agriculture is a topic of increasing importance which also requires responsible oversight to ensure the welfare of both farmers and the environment and the impact of NPs on the environment requires thorough investigation.
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    Metallic Nanocarriers in the Delivery of Phytomedicines
    (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2023) Tarique Mahmood Ansari; Laxmi Devi, Poonam Kushwaha, Ashish Kumar
    Phytomedicines derived from plants have a wide range of pharmacological applications in a variety of diseases. One of the most important advantages of phytoconstituents is their low toxicity and adverse effects. However, their therapeutic efficacy is hampered by low solubility, permeability, and specificity in the target region. As a result, novel drug delivery systems are being developed employing a variety of nanoformulation methodologies to overcome these limitations and provide consistent drug delivery at the targeting location in the optimal concentration as well as increased therapeutic efficacy. Novel drug delivery systems are one example of such approaches (NDDS). In comparison to alternative options, using herbal formulations for NDDS is more advantageous. The utilization of inorganic nanoparticles of plant extract is an important idea for the herbal formulations. These are used to achieve the targeted administration of the formulation, which influences the location and enhances its bioavailability. The constituents and extracts used in natural formulations demonstrate sustained release, enhanced stability, increased therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity prevention due to such novel drug delivery systems. The fundamental motivation for developing alternative drug delivery systems is
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    Targeted Drug Delivery to Combat Antibacterial Drug Resistance
    (IGI Global, 2024) Kuldeep Singh; Nitin Pandey,Shom Prakash Kushwaha, Arun Kumar, Mohammad Khalid, Ahsan Ahmed Khan, Maaz Khan
    In targeted drug delivery, antibiotics are precisely delivered to infection areas using nanoparticles and carrier systems, increasing effectiveness, lowering side effects, and causing the least amount of damage to the microbiota. By increasing local antibiotic concentrations, releasing antibiotics selectively depending on bacterial indicators, and using synergistic combination treatments, this approach combats antibacterial resistance. Diagnostics, real-time monitoring, and responsive medication delivery are all combined on multifunctional platforms made possible by nanotechnology. Though problems like biocompatibility and regulatory barriers still exist, recent research has shown promise both in vitro and in vivo. Targeted drug delivery, subject to additional study and invention, offers a method to increase antibiotic effectiveness while tackling resistance. It promises to improve the management of infectious diseases. Targeted distribution can address a variety of problems related to antibacterial resistance.
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    Nanotechnology in Phytopharmaceuticals
    (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2023) Tarique Mahmood; Arshiya Shamim, Mohammed Haris Siddiqui, Farogh Ahsan
    In recent times, nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Herbal nanoformulations have drawn a lot of attention for their extensive application, reduced dose and enhanced efficacy. Herbal nanoparticles are loaded with either plant extract or plant active isolate, set a higher benchmark than their modern counterparts, and hold an almost equivalent pharmacological potential with lower side effects, making them a lucrative option. This work is a detailed review of plantbased nanoparticles as an advanced therapeutic vehicle for the delivery of various herbal actives. It further elaborates different categories of nanoparticles such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, etc., along with their methods of preparation namely the hot homogenization method, co-precipitation method, cold homogenization method, salting out method, ionic gelation method, etc., including various characterization techniques such as ultraviolet spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, zeta potential, etc. These are applied for exploring the size, size distribution, surface charge shape, density, nature, magnetic properties and surface area and this is mandatory for the successful development of herbal nanoparticles. This chapter also discusses the different in-vitro and in-vivo characterizations of nanoparticles that have been done so far to establish them as a novel formulation in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Hence, from this extensive compilation, it can be clearly understood that the implementation of nanotechnology in the herbal drug delivery system can enhance the efficacy of herbal drugs.
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    Nanomaterials from Agricultural and Horticultural Products
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Husen, Azamal ed.; Jawaid, Mohammad ed.
    Nanotechnology is the state-of-the-art technology providing new horizons of ideas and scope to unlimited possibilities in almost all genres of day-today life ranging from diagnostic, therapeutic, agricultural, chemical to microelectronics, sensors, etc. In this connection, one of the main concerns regarding the metal-oxide nanoparticles is their synthesis, application in a safe mood to protect the overall toxic impact on the food web. To resolve this concern, a greener and cleaner method of producing the nanoparticles is being looked upon as a favorable alternative more commonly referred to as green chemistry or green synthesis. The metal-oxide nanoparticles synthesized from biological sources have demonstrated fulfilling properties and shown antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, drug delivery, catalytic activity, etc., response. In this chapter, the role of fruits and their wastes in the green synthesis of metal-oxide nanoparticles is discussed. This could efficiently reduce the cost and is safer for the environment thus allowing us to implore more on their benefits without impending much harm to the environment.