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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia

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    Neuroinflammation and Immunomodulation Via Nano- Therapeutics
    (Deep Science Publishing, 2025) Mariya Fatima, Mansi Srivastava, Ahmad Aleem, Hasnain Raza, Mohd Aftab Siddiqui
    Neuroinflammation is a characteristic of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) including Alzheimer, Parkinson, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. The key processes that cause it are: microglial and astrocytic inflammation, cytokine production imbalance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysfunction of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). The traditional therapy measures are not effective since the trip rarely enters into the BBB, there is always a possibility of toxicity in the body, and the target is not selective. Drug delivery strategies developed through nanotechnology will provide new solutions because it allows the targeted delivery to the CNS, regulated drug release and a controllable response to the immune system. Lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, inorganic nanomaterials, dendrimers, and nanogels have shown efficacy in preclinical studies with lowering of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased antioxidant defenses, silencing of pathogenic genes, as well as repair of BBB integrity. Initial clinical trials on nanoformulations of curcumin, methylprednisolone, and glatiramer acetate show have shown enhanced safety, as well as therapeutic outcome in nanoformulations over traditional medications. Nevertheless, the issue of toxicity, lasting biodistribution and regulatory standardization continues to be such stumbling blocks. New directions related to biomimetic nanocarriers, stimuli-sensitive systems, and CRISPR based nano-delivery vectors appear to promise accuracy in nanomedicine in relation to neuroinflammation. The present review summarizes the molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammation, current nano-therapies, preclinical and clinical data, and the challenges and future directions that are necessary to convert nanomedicine to clinical neurotherapies.
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    Perspective Chapter: Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery through Liposomes - Recent Applications
    (IntechOpen, 2023) Abdul Hafeez; Shazia Afzal Usmani
    Diseases related to the brain are causing a huge problem worldwide. Different drug formulations are available for the management of brain-related disorders, but due to less drug availability for the brain and non-specificity, it becomes difficult to completely cure life-threatening brain disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of drug molecules/drug-loaded carriers because of the presence of various efflux transporters and drug inactivating enzymes. Researchers have identified an intranasal route for direct delivery to the brain, bypassing BBB. Nanotechnology-enabled lipid-based drug carrier systems have shown potential for the management of brain diseases through nose-to-brain delivery. Liposomes are the most extensively investigated carrier systems because of biocompatibility, controlled release characteristics, easy surface modification, and biodegradability. This chapter highlights the important aspects of nose-to-brain delivery and strategies for enhancing the availability of drugs through liposomes in the management of different brain-related diseases.