Faculty Publications
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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia
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Item Challenges and future scenario of microbial vitamins and carotenoids in food industry(Academic Press, 2024) Sameer Ahmad; Zuha Rahman , Sadaf Nazir , Wasim AkramMost dietary sources of carotenoids are deeply pigmented fruits, vegetables, and juices. While various colorful fruits and vegetables provide the majority of α-carotene and β-carotene such as α-cryptoxanthin from orange fruits, lutein from dark green vegetables, and tomato and lycopene from tomato products. Furthermore, vitamins are vital nutrients that promote healthy metabolism, and cell development, and help in the production of other biomolecules. On the other hand, several disorders such as diabetes, cancer, and inflammation can be managed with the application of carotenoids. It also imparts and improves digestive activity and can work as an antioxidant, immunity enhancer, antiaging, and improve eye and skin health. Carotenoids derived from microbial sources such as Haematococcus pluvialis, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Undaria pinnatifida have been reported for their nutraceutical activity as well as for the development of functional foods. Microbial-derived carotenoids demonstrated wider applications as natural food additives in the form of lycopene and β carotene. Furthermore, recently, the use of these bioactive compounds has been proven to be emerging applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics. This chapter also discussed in brief the extraction of microbial carotenoids and various parameters involved in the production of carotenoids such as substrate concentration, agitation, and aeration rate.Item Active packaging materials(Academic Press, 2024) Sameer Ahmad; Bammidi Madhuri , Muskan Kumari Gupta , Mehvish HabibInterest in the development of smart and active biodegradable packaging materials is increasing as food manufacturers try to improve the sustainability and environmental impact of their products, while still maintaining their quality and safety. Active packaging materials contain components that enhance their functionality, such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, light blockers, or oxygen barriers. Smart packaging materials contain sensing components that provide an indication of changes in food attributes, such as alterations in their quality, maturity, or safety. For instance, a smart sensor may give a measurable color change in response to a deterioration in food quality. This chapter reviews recent advances in the development of active and smart biodegradable packaging materials in the food industry. Moreover, studies on the application of these packaging materials to monitor the freshness and safety of food products are reviewed, including dairy, meat, fish, fruit and vegetable products. Finally, the potential challenges associated with the application of these eco-friendly packaging materials in the food industry are discussed, as well as potential future directions.Item Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of oil(Elsevier, 2024) Gazia Nasir; Sameer Ahmad, Asfaq, Mohd Ishfaq BhatThis chapter focuses on the extraction of oil through ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction from various oilseeds such as walnut, peanut, perilla seeds, and soybean. The nutritional benefits of these oilseeds including the traditional practices of oil extraction from these oilseeds have also been discussed. It elucidates the synergistic effect of ultrasound and certain enzymes in the extraction of oil from oil-bearing substances. The advantages of using enzymes along with their limitations have also been elaborated. The use of this emerging technique for oil extraction from oil-bearing substances has proven to be quite beneficial in increasing the yield of extraction and enhancing the quality of edible oil.Item Potential Microbial Pigments(CRC Press, 2024) Roohi; Shareen Fatima Rizvi, Syed Khalida Izhar, Umme Habiba , Ananya BajpaiPigments are compounds that absorb light and give materials their characteristic colours. The organic colours come from a wide variety of insects, plants, and bacteria. Due to the health risks that synthetic pigments pose to both the manufacturing workforce and the general public, there is a growing demand in the market for natural pigments and microbial pigments in particular. A wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and moulds are used in the commercial synthesis of a wide range of pigments, with correspondingly diverse methods of manufacturing. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and other bio-pharmacological activities are just a few of the biological properties of microbial pigments that have intrigued modern researchers, who also take advantage of them as colourants in the food, plastic, textile, paint, printing, and paper industries, all of which are covered in this chapter. Here, we will explore the applications of pigments produced by microorganisms such as melanins, quinines, flavins, violacein, monascins, phycobiliproteins, anthraquinones and carotenoids, as well as their limitations and the possibilities for their future growth. Different methods of extracting intracellular pigments are also discussed in this chapter: organic solvents, solid-phase extraction, homogenization, freeze–thaw method, ultrasonication, inorganic acids and Soxhlet extraction.Item Introduction to Bioprocess Technology(Springer, Singapore, 2024) Reena Vishvakarma; Fariya Khan, Shadma Andleeb Khan, Gauresh Sharma, Alvina Farooqui, Mohammed Haris Siddiqui , Archana VimalBioprocess technology is the amalgamation of technology with bioprocess which is the use of any living cell (microorganism or merely its enzymes) or one of its components with defined nutritive supplements and under controlled conditions to obtain a specific desirable product that is useful for mankind. Bioprocess technology is the alteration of significant processes to create value-added products. It deals with designing and developing equipment and processes for products such as food, chemicals, feed, nutraceuticals, amino acids, polymers, or abundantly required and useful pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics, viral vaccines, etc. The use of these processes can be traced back to as old as the ancient Egyptian period where unknowingly they employed this technology for the production of beers, wines, bread, cheese, yogurts, and fermented pickles. The current perspective of bioprocess technology deals with the use of exceedingly advanced computer-operated automatic bioreactors to produce elevated quantity and quality of desired end product around which the process is curated. Future applications of bioprocess technology have significant potential since they will be used in large-scale industries, where its use is currently limited. It has been anticipated that combining bioinformatics and nanotechnology with bioprocess technology would open countless unexplored doors and lead to substantial progress in understanding complex biological systems and their underlying mechanisms and designing and screening new biologically useful components. Besides umpteen useful traits, bioprocess technology still needs to overcome a large number of hurdles and possess an advantage over other competing methods such as chemical engineering to be viable in any specific industrial context. Nevertheless, this technology holds great potential which needs to be efficiently explored to use it to the best of its capabilities.Item Algae-Based Cosmeceutical Products in the Market: Present Scenario and Future Perspectives(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Iffat Zareen Ahmad; Afroz JahanItem Algae-Based Pharmaceuticals for Cancer Treatment: Present Status and Future Applications(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Iffat Zareen Ahmad; Anamika SinghItem Production and commercialization of biocontrol products(Academic Press, 2024) Iffat Zareen Ahmad; Elhan KhanIn recent decades, biocontrol agents (BCAs) have been suggested and researched as a potential replacement for the synthetic pesticides used to manage pre and postharvest infections of plants. However, there are other limits and hurdles that must be addressed before BCAs can be effectively introduced to the market. A specific strategy addressing the BCAs formulation via interdisciplinary techniques (liquid or solid) is needed to enhance the yield, effectiveness, and shelf life of the generated product, regardless of the method chosen for manufacturing. This is necessary for the commercial development of BCAs. Regrettably, not all BCAs are able to withstand the conditions encountered during the process of formulation. Stability can be upgraded by giving the plant special growing conditions or by adding protective ingredients to the medium of the formulation. Thus, to ensure the stability for a longer duration and easier application of BCAs, formulation methodology must be well established and validated. To prolong the shelf life of the formulated product, a comprehensive range of packaging circumstances should be considered, ideally up to two years. Even while the percentage of BCAs is expanding, they still only account for roughly 1% of the revenue of agrochemicals. Nevertheless, they are significant advances as BCAs provide disease management possibilities with distinct modes of action from conventional pesticides. Some trends in research comprise enhanced validation under semicommercial and commercial production environments, elevated accentuation on incorporating biocontrol strains with one another and with other methods of control, and integration of biocontrol into a significant system. Biorational screening processes, which are increasingly used to distinguish microorganisms with possibilities for biocontrol, are also focused on the rising trend. Here, we covered the key issues surrounding the manufacturing and marketing of BCAs.Item Environment of Lignocellulosic Waste to Biofuel(Springer, Singapore, 2024) Akhtar Hussain; Ayush Saxena, Irum; Alvina Farooqui; Mohammad AshfaqueUnder the major crises of environmental degradation and global warming, the world’s environment is failing. Green energy solutions must be taken into consideration in order to address these issues, which calls for increased efforts to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions are two major goals of renewable energy sources. Attention has already been drawn globally to the use of renewable biomass resources for the manufacture of biofuels. Current research and technology advancements have made it possible to produce second-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstocks, including agricultural waste, crop leftovers, and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding grass species. An environmentally responsible, sustainable, and possibly effective alternative to fossil fuels is the manufacture of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, because of their heterogeneous multiscale structure, lignocellulosic materials are difficult to valorize and show resistance to enzyme hydrolysis or saccharification. Various pretreatment techniques involving chemical, physical, and biological methods have been widely used to overcome this problem. These pretreatment methods can be combined to increase the yield of second-generation biofuels. The second generation has the greatest potential for producing biofuels; hence, this chapter primarily concentrates on modern techniques in research and development.Item Advances in Nanocatalysts Mediated Biodiesel Production(Springer, Singapore, 2024) Vaishnavi Mishra, Parnika Mishra, Diksha Sharma, Priyanka Yadav, Priyanka Dubey, Gyanendra Tripathi, Vishal Mishra & Alvina FarooquiThe area of biodiesel production has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, propelled by the exploration of nanocatalysts as efficient agents in the process of transesterification. Nanocatalysts, with their high surface area and enhanced catalytic activity, have emerged as key contributors to the optimization of biodiesel production processes. Various reviews have revealed nanocatalysts, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and hybrid materials, assessing their catalytic efficiency and stability in transesterification reactions. Researchers have successfully tailored nanocatalysts to exhibit superior performance in converting triglycerides to biodiesel, addressing challenges associated with traditional catalysts such as low reusability and selectivity. In this chapter, we will discuss the implications of the above-mentioned advancements on the scalability and economic viability of biodiesel production. The integration of nanocatalysts not only accelerates reaction kinetics but also facilitates the use of diverse feedstocks, expanding the potential sources for the production of biodiesel. The environmental sustainability of these nanocatalysts, including their recyclability and reduced waste generation, is also discussed. The findings presented in this research hold promise for a more sustainable and efficient future in the realm of biofuel production. In short, the present chapter gives a transformative impact of nanotechnology on the synthesis of biodiesel.