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Item Hornbills: Allies of Farmers In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture & Food Sciences(Iterative International Publishers, 2024) Monowar Alam KhalidThe 62 species of hornbills around the world are extravagant birds with over-sized beaks that are found in tropical Asia, Africa, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. They are icons of their forest habitat. Because they spread the seeds of several tropical trees, they are frequently referred to as the "farmers of the forest" because of the way they spread forest tree seeds over the area they fly over. Hombills regurgitate or vomit the seeds after eating as they typically occupy a home range of at least 10 km, they may disperse seeds across a far larger area with far greater efficiency than other smaller frugivores. They are a sign of a balanced and prosperous forest. For this reason, hornbills are regarded as an indicator species. The tale of how the bond between these birds and the long-standing custom of protecting forests in the name of a deity has helped to preserve both the unprotected forests and sacred groves throughout wide-ranging terrain. In recognition of the significance of these birds, and to ensure the continuity of this unique alliance, conservation initiatives have gained a greater spotlight. Conservation organizations, farmers, and local communities are working together to protect hornbill habitats and spread awareness among the local communities for safeguarding the agricultural landscapes inhabited by them by fostering a greater appreciation of the ecological and cultural worth of hornbills.Item Genetic improvement of pelargonium, an important aromatic plant, through biotechnological approaches(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Pooja Singh, Syed Saema , Laiq ur RahmanPelargonium is one of the most recognized aromatic herbs due to its wide distribution around several countries and its perfumery and aromatherapy properties. The present chapter aims at exploring the current scientific study the various species of Pelargonium along with its significance. The essential oil of Pelargonium contains more th 120 monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes obtained from the steam distillation of herbaceous parts. Citronellol, geraniol, rhodinol, 6, 9 -guaidiene, and lO-epi-γ eudesmol are the principal components responsible for its oil quality. Traditionally, propagation of pelargonium is done through cuttings from its mother plant material. However, the tissue culture approach is one of the reliable techniques for propagation and conservation, not influenced by environmental conditions. More likely, tissue culture approaches used are somatic embryogenesi callus culture, direct regeneration, meristem culture, and hairy root culture. Transcriptome analysis has also been carried out in Pelargonium graveolens to understand the metabolic pathway. In order to accomplish the maximum oil production and better geranium varieties through genetic engineering, Agrobacterium mediated transformation systems have been developed. These standardised genetic transformation procedures were used to over-express, silencing, and heterologous expression of desired genes in Pelargonium to understand the outcome and succeed with enhanced essential oil production with better quality for the ultimate benefit. © 2024 Bentham Scien Publishers. All rights reserved.Item Wildlife and Plastic Debris: A Dangerous Encounter(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam Khalid; Azra IkramPlastic pollution has a significant impact on wildlife around the world. The presence of plastic waste in ecosystems poses a serious threat to marine and terrestrial animals. Marine animals such as sea turtles, whales and seabirds often mistake plastic debris for food, leading to ingestion and entanglement. This can result in severe injuries, suffocation, and even death. Plastic pollution also disrupts habitats and food chains, affecting the overall health and balance of ecosystems. Management of plastic waste is inadequate in all most all developing countries because of low environmental standards, poor waste recovery and disposal systems, low economic status, lack of awareness of public, poor hygienic and living standards and no strict law enforcement. It's crucial that we take action to reduce plastic pollution and protect our precious wildlife.Item Understanding The Impact of Air Pollution on Birds with special reference to Hornbills(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam KhalidAir pollution is a pressing issue with far-reaching consequences, transcending human boundaries and affecting the intricate web of life. Birds, often overlooked victims of environmental degradation, serve as crucial indicators of ecological health. In the grand tapestry of nature, birds are the messengers, their flights narrating the health of our planet. This hook chapter embarks on a journey to uncover the profound consequences of air pollution on avian species, with a particular spotlight on the majestic hornbills. As we delve into the intricacies of their existence, we must heed the silent calls of these winged custodians, signaling the environmental discord caused by our own actions. However, the symphony of their flights is increasingly disrupted by a growing threat of air pollution. Air pollution, being a global environmental challenge, affects not only human health but also has profound consequences for biodiversity. The chapter will navigate through the consequences of this invisible assailant; we uncover the unique vulnerabilities faced by hornbills in the modern era. The chapter will also explore the intricate dance between air pollution and our feathered friends, with a specific focus on the unique and charismatic hornbills. As we navigate through the impacts, Intricacies and conservation challenges, we aim to understand the symphony of the skies disrupted by the unseen hands of pollution.Item Environmental Problems, Protection and Policies(978-81-969585-2-7, 2024) Monowar Alam KhalidItem Environmental NGO’S and their Role in Solving Environmental Issues: A Review(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam KhalidItem Environmental Ethics and Sustainability(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Monowar Alam KhalidItem CLIMATE RESILIENCE: BASIC CONCEPTS AND UNDER- STANDING FOR CLIMATIC STUDY(Academic Publishers and Distributors, Lucknow, U.P., 2024) Mohd Kashif Khan; Ambrina Sardar Khan, Prateek SrivastavaClimate resilience is a crucial concept in the face of increasing climate change impacts. As global temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent and sea levels continue to rise, societies and ecosystems are at greater risk. Climate resilience encompasses a set of strategies and measures aimed at building the capacity of systems and communities to adapt, withstand and recover from these impacts. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects related to climate resilience. The chapter begins by defining climate resilience as the ability of a system or community to anticipate, absorb, adapt to and recover from climate change impacts, while maintaining essential functions and structures. It emphasizes the integration of climate considerations into decision- making processes, the implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures and the promotion of sustainable development practices. Basic concepts related to climate resilience are then presented. These concepts include adaptation, which involves adjusting to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience; mitigation, which focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change; vulnerability, which refers to the susceptibility of a system or community to climate change impacts; and resilience-building, which entails implementing strategies to enhance capacity to withstand and recover from climate change. The other important concepts highlighted in the chapter include risk assessment, which evaluates potential climate-related risks and their impacts; adaptive capacity, which relates to the ability to adjust and respond to climate change; cross-sectoral collaboration, emphasizing the importance of integrating efforts across different sectors and stakeholders; nature- based solutions, which harness ecosystem functions to enhance resilience; climate justice, ensuring equitable distribution of costs and benefits; and long-term planning, considering future scenarios and developing strategies for changing conditions. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of climate resilience, highlighting its importance in addressing climate change impacts. Understanding and implementing the basic concepts related to climate resilience is crucial for building a sustainable and resilient future.Item Assessing The Influence of Air Quality on Photovoltaic Performance(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2024) Rahila Rahman KhanThe rapid proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) systems as a clean and sustainable energy source has underscored the importance of understanding the various factors affecting their performance. Among these, air quality has emerged as a critical yet often overlooked parameter that can significantly impact PV efficiency and longevity. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the influence of air quality on PV performance, encompassing both the direct and indirect effects. The direct effects of air quality on PV performance include the deposition of particulate matter, pollutants and contaminants on the surface of PV modules, which can lead to reduced light absorption and efficiency losses. Furthermore, pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) can contribute to the degradation of materials within PV cells, potentially leading to a decrease in overall performance over time. Indirectly, air quality can also affect PV performance through alterations in atmospheric conditions, including changes in solar irradiance due to scattering and absorption by aerosols and pollutants. Additionally, variations in temperature and humidity levels driven by air quality parameters can influence the thermal behavior and operating temperature of PV modules, further affecting their efficiency. This review systematically examines studies and experiments conducted over the past decade, encompassing a wide range of geographical locations and environmental conditions. It synthesizes findings related to the impact of specific air pollutants, such as particulate matter, ozone, and heavy metals, on PV performance, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects.Item Revisiting Digital India 2.0: Exploring New Horizon and Insights(IGI Global, 2024) Farheen Zehra; Farhina Sardar Khan; Syed Shahid Mazhar; Ambrina Sardar KhanTechnology has become a crucial part of people's lives. Digitization has become essential for its seamless communication and omnipresent access to information. This chapter delves into the transformative landscape of technology and its impact on India's digital progression. This topic encapsulates a diverse range of facets essential for understanding the ever-evolving digital paradigm in the country. It aims to provide new insights into innovative advancements and the potential for growth in various sectors. This chapter is an in-depth examination of complex technological advancements that have been and will continue to change India's socioeconomic landscape. The report covers integrating emerging and disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and the internet of things (IoT), in various domains. This chapter illustrates the profound transformation held in various segments, namely, digital technology, online infrastructure, internet connectivity, smart cities, digital literacy, knowledge-driven economy and e-services