Faculty Publications
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Scholarly Publications by Integral Academia
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Item Arsenic in Water: Understanding the Silent Threat(Springer, Cham, 2025) Yusra Sharf, Rushda SharfIn Minnesota, arsenic is found naturally in soil and rocks. Volcanoes, the weathering of minerals and ores that contain arsenic, and commercial or industrial processes all release arsenic into the atmosphere. Groundwater that could be used for drinking water may absorb trace amounts. Compared to organic and inorganic arsenic, inorganic arsenic is typically too toxic. In certain nations, inorganic arsenic can be found in private well water, copper-chromated arsenate-treated lumber, and industrial settings. For the vast majority, drinking water contaminated with naturally occurring inorganic arsenic is the source of contact. The biggest risk to public health is drinking water polluted with arsenic, which can increase the risk of cancer and other serious health consequences. The most common ways that arsenic exposure results in disease are through ingestion and inhalation. The symptoms of arsine gas poisoning differ significantly from those of other types of arsenic poisoning. Arsine rapidly linked itself to red blood cells after inhalation, causing irreversible destruction of the cell membrane. Neurological, respiratory, hematologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and other systems can all be adversely affected by arsenic. Arsenic causes cancer in several of organ systems. Skin, lung, prostate, bladder and liver angiosarcoma, are the most prevalent forms of cancer. The central nervous system, cell respiration, inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex, and overt gastrointestinal disturbances may be caused by acute or subacute exposure to As (more than a few mg of inorganic arsenic/day). Chronic arsenic hyperpigmentation can affect mucous membranes in addition to the trunk, where it manifests itself as a thinly dappled “raindrop” manner. Arsenic is a teratogen and a reproductive toxin. The concentrations in the cord blood and maternal blood are comparable, and it is transferred across the placenta. The chapter focuses on causal inference, which is also known as hazard identification and clinical prevention in the terminology of risk assessment.Item Arsenic Biological Treatment Using Microorganisms in the Environment(Springer, Cham, 2025) Rushda Sharf, Ambrina Sardar Khan, Yusra SharfThe ecology and public health are seriously threatened by arsenic pollution of soil and groundwater. Natural sources such as aquifers and man-made sources account for the majority of primary releases of arsenic into the environment. Both organic (such as methylated) and inorganic (such as arsenate and arsenite) forms of arsenic (As) are prevalent in the environment. Because it is the most effective, economical and environmentally benign means of treating arsenic, the use of microorganisms in biological treatment provides an intriguing substitute for traditional techniques. Biological techniques in certain locations, methods such as arsenic microbial detoxification or phytoremediation employing aquatic plants are commonly accepted. Other techniques such as immobilization by microbial oxidation biological activity and microbiological molecular analysis were necessary, as was coprecipitation or adsorption with Fe oxyhydroxides in the solid phase. Arsenic oxygen is used by certain autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganism species to recover energy. Arsenate is a nutrient that some microorganism species can use in their respiratory processes. One prevalent type of arsenic resistance in microbes is detoxification operons. Therefore, bioremediation may be a practical and affordable means of removing this pollutant from the environment. This chapter summarizes what is now known about the various biological methods for removing arsenic from soil and groundwater.Item Climate Change and Global Warming: Challenge for Future Generations(Academic Publishers & Distributers, 2025) Amina Jafri, Nida Fatma, Pranjali TripathiThe world’s most pressing issues today are global warming and climate change, which have a significant impact on economies, societies and the environment everywhere. This study examines the intricate facets of the issues, examining their ramifications, fundamental causes, strategies for mitigating and adapting to their effects. The study highlights how crucial global collaboration and all-encompassing efforts are to effectively tackling these problems. Through an in-depth examination of its impacts on the environment, ecology, and society. This study highlights how important, it is to understand and mitigate climate change. In addition, it studies the causes of climate change, focusing on industrial activity, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions in particular (Abu Rayhan et al, 2023). Subsequently, the paper explains several mitigation strategies, including the use of carbon capture and efficiency improvement technologies, reforestation initiatives, and sustainable urban planning. In addition, a comprehensive discourse is conducted regarding adaptation tactics, such as enhanced farming methods, community engagement, informed policies and climate change-resistant infrastructure (IPCC,2021). The paper’s conclusion highlights the significance of quick action and global cooperation in minimizing the effects of climate change and getting ready for them.Item Agriculture Production and Climate Change(Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 2018) Monowar Alam Khalid, Pawan Kumar Bharti, Alka ChauhanItem Environmental Economics and Sustainability(Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 2018) Jose G.Vargas-Hernandez, Monowar Alam Khalid, Pawan Kumar BhartiItem Elicitation-Based Biotechnological Interventions to Promote Hairy Root Growth and Biomass Yield(Springer, Singapore, 2025) Kahkashan Khatoon, Zafar Iqbal Warsi, Tahreem Junaid, Syed Saema, Gazala Parween, Laiq Ur RahmanHairy root cultures, produced through genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes,represent a highly dependable and metabolically efficient biosynthetic system. Their rapid growth and genetic stability make them ideal for the sustained production of biomass and high-value secondary metabolites under controlled in vitro conditions. Owing to their high transgene expression capabilities, they hold immense promise for scalable bioactive compound production and molecular farming across pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. This chapter explores advanced biotechnological strategies aimed at enhancing hairy root productivity through elicitation and optimization of culture conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the critical roles of carbon sources especially sucrose, macro- and micronutrients in regulating metabolic fluxes and supporting robust root development. Furthermore, the synergistic influence of physiological factors such as oxygen availability, temperature regimes, and light intensity on biomass accumulation and metabolite biosynthesis is thoroughly examined. Elicitors like methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and sodium nitroprusside are discussed for their ability to activate plant defense pathways and stimulate secondary metabolism. Integration of innovative bioreactor designs and precise environmental control systems significantly enhances scalability and yield. Overall, this comprehensive analysis highlights hairy root cultures as a transformative tool in plant biotechnology, offering sustainable and efficient platforms for the commercial production of therapeutically valuable natural products.Item Advances in Elicitor-Mediated Secondary Metabolite Production in Plant Cell Suspensions: Factors and Mechanisms(Springer, Singapore, 2025) Gazala Parween, Sabika Akram, Tanya Singh, Syed Saema, Kahkashan Khatoon, Laiq Ur RahmanSecondary metabolites are diverse bioactive compounds produced by plants, playing crucial roles in defense against pathogens, pests, and environmental stress. Due to their pharmacological properties, these metabolites are highly valued in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. The cell suspension culture technique has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance the production of these secondary metabolites. The growth and productivity of cell suspensions are influenced by multiple factors, including cell size, temperature, pH, nutrient media composition, growth kinetics, light exposure, and inoculum density. Optimizing these parameters is essential to enhance cell viability and maximize metabolite yield. By improving growth conditions and employing elicitors, such as biotic and abiotic stimuli, this method stimulates metabolite biosynthesis, offering a scalable and efficient approach for producing high-value compounds. This knowledge paves the way for the development of advanced, large-scale cell suspension culture systems tailored to specific medicinal plants, enabling sustainable and high-yield production of secondary metabolites.Item Integrating Environmental Monitoring Techniques for an Effective Healthcare System(CRC Press, 2023) Nupur Joshi, Ambrina Sardar KhanHealth is not merely the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, social, and mental activeness, whereas health care is the management, treatment, and prevention of illness. Health is a very important parameter to indicate the good living and quality of life of an individual. Many pathological factors are involved in a disease such as people, vectors, causative agents, and hosts. Monitoring of health and development of the public health sector is an important aspect for the social, cultural, and economic well-being of society. Thus, for the analysis of these pathological factors with their relationship with geographical distribution, GIS (spatial, temporal references) and other cartographic information taken from remote sensing and other technologies can be used effectively. Through mapping and analysed temporal and spatial patterns, the distribution of a particular health status cause can be tracked. Incorporating the records attained from ground data and sensors helps in the enhancement of results. This review includes recent literature on healthcare and GIS. It includes descriptions of various disease agents, and how GIS helps in the analysis of their distribution and occurrence. To study a disease, GIS is a promising area however it has not reached its full potential. For this, disease and environmental observation systems need to be further developed.Item Anatomisation of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Dynamics with a Focus on Land Surface Temperature in Lucknow City Using Geospatial Techniques(CRC Press, 2023) Akanksha, Pranjal Pandey, Ambrina Sardar KhanRapid augmentation in urban areas throughout the world has become an inescapable phenomenon. As the population continues to grow, the geological boundaries are extending too. This study focuses completely on improvements in urbanised urban communities and their development with the assistance of spatial variation utilising time-series satellite data and statistically generated models to observe the pattern of LULC transition over the last 19 years of one of the most expeditiously urbanising cities of India: Lucknow. The classification report indicated an expansion of 96.51 sq. km of built-up area and shrinkage in covers of agricultural land and vegetation spread. To gauge the changing spatial patterns in urban expansion, the Shannon Entropy Index technique is applied over the chosen time frame dependent on LULC change and a statistical approach. The perception we got from this study depends on classification and statistically created models of satellite data. The land surface temperature (LST) is additionally depicted to discover the impacts of urban sprawl on nearby temperatures. General increases of 3.26℃ and 2.01℃ were seen in the minimum and maximum temperature, respectively, from 2000 to 2019. LST is also correlated with the vegetation index (NDVI), built-up index (NDBI), and water index (MNDWI). The total increase of the population and an unsustainable expansion rate of urban sprawl in the study area illustrates the elevation in LST.Item Linseed and Its Nutritional and Health Beneficial Aspects: A Review(Mindshare, 2021) Iffat Zareen Ahmad, Haram SarfarazThere is a great deal of competition for foods that have active ingredients present in the form of bioactive molecules of food with potential health benefits. This is the basic requirement for any food to come under the category of functional foods or nutraceutical. Linum usitatissimum L. is emerging as an important nutraceutical as it is a reservoir of many bioactive compounds or molecules ranging from a-linolenic acid, lignans, fiber, and various other phenolic compounds. This review concentrates on the current flaxseed records and highlights the nutritional properties and its beneficial effects. Literature was retrieved by searching for abstracts and titles of articles on PubMed, Science direct as well as Google Scholar for studying. The papers and reference lists were reviewed to see if there were any supplementary posts.