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    Environment of Lignocellulosic Waste to Biofuel
    (Springer, Singapore, 2024) Akhtar Hussain; Ayush Saxena, Irum; Alvina Farooqui; Mohammad Ashfaque
    Under the major crises of environmental degradation and global warming, the world’s environment is failing. Green energy solutions must be taken into consideration in order to address these issues, which calls for increased efforts to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions are two major goals of renewable energy sources. Attention has already been drawn globally to the use of renewable biomass resources for the manufacture of biofuels. Current research and technology advancements have made it possible to produce second-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstocks, including agricultural waste, crop leftovers, and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding grass species. An environmentally responsible, sustainable, and possibly effective alternative to fossil fuels is the manufacture of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, because of their heterogeneous multiscale structure, lignocellulosic materials are difficult to valorize and show resistance to enzyme hydrolysis or saccharification. Various pretreatment techniques involving chemical, physical, and biological methods have been widely used to overcome this problem. These pretreatment methods can be combined to increase the yield of second-generation biofuels. The second generation has the greatest potential for producing biofuels; hence, this chapter primarily concentrates on modern techniques in research and development.
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    Advances in Nanocatalysts Mediated Biodiesel Production
    (Springer, Singapore, 2024) Vaishnavi Mishra, Parnika Mishra, Diksha Sharma, Priyanka Yadav, Priyanka Dubey, Gyanendra Tripathi, Vishal Mishra & Alvina Farooqui
    The area of biodiesel production has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, propelled by the exploration of nanocatalysts as efficient agents in the process of transesterification. Nanocatalysts, with their high surface area and enhanced catalytic activity, have emerged as key contributors to the optimization of biodiesel production processes. Various reviews have revealed nanocatalysts, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and hybrid materials, assessing their catalytic efficiency and stability in transesterification reactions. Researchers have successfully tailored nanocatalysts to exhibit superior performance in converting triglycerides to biodiesel, addressing challenges associated with traditional catalysts such as low reusability and selectivity. In this chapter, we will discuss the implications of the above-mentioned advancements on the scalability and economic viability of biodiesel production. The integration of nanocatalysts not only accelerates reaction kinetics but also facilitates the use of diverse feedstocks, expanding the potential sources for the production of biodiesel. The environmental sustainability of these nanocatalysts, including their recyclability and reduced waste generation, is also discussed. The findings presented in this research hold promise for a more sustainable and efficient future in the realm of biofuel production. In short, the present chapter gives a transformative impact of nanotechnology on the synthesis of biodiesel.