A comprehensive overview of digital image processing techniques in precision agriculture

Abstract

India, a country with an agriculture-based economy, is embracing Precision Agriculture (PA) techniques to optimize the use of seeds, water, and energy. PA uses tools like positioning technology, geographical information systems, satellite navigation, and digital image processing to provide food security and sustainable development. Proper crop monitoring is essential for improving production quality and quantity. PA provides reliable real-time and concurrent information, aiding decision-making. Previously, manual crop monitoring was inefficient due to its time-consuming nature. Digital image processing techniques can be used instead. This article reviews digital image processing-based crop monitoring using satellite-driven satellites and Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS)-drone-based methods. RPAS-based images yield more effective crop monitoring results than space station images. Digital image processing is used in agricultural applications for controlling undesirable plants, plant diseases, nutrients, pets, and other issues. Future studies using digital image processing in photogrammetry, vegetation indices, crop monitoring applications, and a variety of crops have opened opportunities for further research in this field.