Recent progress in CAR-T cell therapy for B-cell cancers with resistant tissues

Abstract

The therapy of B-cell cancers, particularly lymphomas, has undergone a tremendous change with the approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, and is currently widely available, which can be considered as a standard therapeutic option, in the case of patients having aggressive lymphomas, even though being utilized after multiple lines of treatment. The current CAR-T cell therapies, which are approved by the FDA works by targeting the antigens such as CD19 or BCMA present in the B cells. The CAR-T cell therapies are rapidly advancing with new findings to address the current limitations, including toxicities, and resistance; such as targeting multiple antigens, the source and the delivery of genetic material into the T cells, utilization of nanotechnology, as well as mRNA-based strategies, utilization of another type of immune cells such as the natural killer cells, as well as incorporating gene editing strategies. A large number of studies, including preclinical and clinical trials, are conducted to translate the findings from the bench to the bedside. The chapter discusses the CAR-T cell therapy, the mechanism, approved therapies, limitations, including toxicities, and resistance, and recent advancements in research, particularly in the therapy of B-cell cancers.