Isatin-Derived Compounds Containing Anticancer Therapeutics

Abstract

Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) structurally is a unique nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring system; because of its diverse nature and general pattern of biological activity, it has gained much attention in the field of anticancer drug research. This overview is centered on the value of isatin-heterocyclic hybrids as a useful platform for the design of novel anti-cancer drugs that, apart from having fewer side effects, might also counteract drug resistance. It covers their synthetic methods and modes of action Mostly apoptosis through the inhibition of kinases. Chemically altered isatin proved to be a brilliant tool in the creation of potent isatin hybrids and conjugates which can target multiple cancer pathways. Mention should be made of Really the isatin-hybrids not only showed anti-cancer effects against different cancer cells like breast liver colon, lung, and multidrug-resistant carcinoma cells but also their methods of action are mitochondrialmediated apoptosis, caspase activation, tubulin polymerization inhibition, and kinase modulation, Mainly VEGFR-2 EGFR CDK2, and STAT-3. Several synthesized isatinbased compounds have demonstrated more potent cytotoxicity than the currently used chemotherapeutic agents with their IC50 values, Besides causing low toxicity to the normal cells.