Nanowire-FET Role in healthcare applications

Abstract

Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanowires, including nanoparticles, have revolutionized biosensing because of their unique quantum properties, which enhance the sensitivity of sensors. Their small size, comparable to that of biomolecules, allows for precise detection, making them invaluable in various applications. Nanowires are important for sensor technologies because of their electrical controllability and chemically reactive surfaces, which allow for sensitivity and multiple sensors measuring properties associated with a detection target. Field-effect transistors (FETs) have existed since the 1930s and have a prominent role in today's technology; they are primarily used in a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOSFET) transistor. These FETs are especially pervasive in digital technology because they are easy to design and can be produced at low cost. Transistor technology has seen scales between 1-2μm and even smaller. The art and science of producing smaller transistors does not necessarily mean the performance has continued to improve, which has led to research and development in novel, advanced technology. Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (NW-FETs) are an exciting choice to produce unique nano-material sensors in healthcare applications that have the highest sensitivity and flexibility. Nanowire FETs could allow researchers to find biomarkers, infectious viruses, and even DNA. An extremely small yet highly sustainable sensor has potential for diagnostic use, drug discovery, and real-time monitoring. NW-FETs may dominate future thinking and capabilities in medical diagnostics and personalized medicine. This chapter looks at how NW-FETs can be exploited for NANOWIRE. FET technology can be valuable in healthcare for virus detection, finding biomarkers, DNA and drug development. We will show how NW-FET technology can marry theoretical principles to practical application via improved diagnostics and therapeutic advantages from improved sensing that is more accurate, reliable, fast as we need for healthcare technologies.