Bioinformatics Approaches in Noncoding RNAs Research

Abstract

In recent years, noncoding RNAs have sparked significant interest in understanding the diverse roles of ncRNAs in cellular regulation and disease processes. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), encompassing small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are critical regulators of gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and various cellular processes within the human genome. The diverse nature ncRNAs, along with certain complex features, has made them difficult to study through traditional experimental methods. As a result, bioinformatics tools have expanded the possibilities for offering new insights through advanced computational strategies. This chapter explores the recent advancements in ncRNA databases, emphasizing their importance and the innovative in silico strategies that enable the prediction and analysis of biological interactions, particularly for miRNAs and lncRNAs. It offers an in-depth overview of the structural properties, classification, and functions of various types of noncoding RNAs, highlighting their crucial roles in cellular processes. Additionally, the chapter discusses the significant therapeutic potential of ncRNAs, focusing on their applications in treating cancer and other severe diseases. These insights are pivotal in advancing the development of targeted therapies and precision medicine.