Microalgae Biomass as a Source of Renewable Energy: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Due to the economic devastation and rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources, there is a pressing requirement for the establishment of a low carbon economy. Traditional energy sources are fraught with concerns regarding security and sustainability. Consequently, the quest for alternatives to fossil fuels has garnered considerable attention. Microalgal biomass emerges as a compelling solution to this modern quandary, offering a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. With their abundant oil content and rapid growth rates, microalgae present themselves as highly promising candidates for biofuel production. Significant strides in catalytic reaction research have facilitated the efficient conversion of biomass into biofuels. Processes like hydrolysis, trans-esterification, hydrogenation, and isomerisation have seen notable advancements in recent years, enabling the extraction of high-grade hydrocarbons from microalgal lipids. A plethora of processing methods underscores the vast potential of microalgae in bioenergy production, showcasing their adaptability and effectiveness.