Medicinal Properties of Ricinus communis L. Oil and Their Applications: An Overview

Abstract

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is a significant medicinal plant which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, and it is a native to the Mediterranean, eastern Africa, and India. This plant attains the height around 200–400 cm and has large, lobed, toothed, and glossy leaves. The male and female flowers are borne on individual plants. The female flowers develop into spiny, green capsules which contains the seeds. The seeds contain a toxin, ricin, and are used to produce oil that is used in a variety of medicinal and industrial applications. The plant is also used as an ornamental and is being studied for its potential as a biofuel crop. Castor plant has many environmental benefits such as source of renewable energy, especially biodiesel which can be used as a cleaner alternative as compared with traditional fossil fuels. Castor oil is considered to be a biodegradable and non-toxic resource and also used in the production of various products, including soaps, lubricants, and polymers. Castor is a fast-growing crop that can be used as an organic fertilizer (green manure) and to amend soil health that help to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. Additionally, it can be used to help prevent soil erosion, as it has deep and extensive root systems. Additionally, the plant is a great source of habitat for beneficial pollinators and other beneficial insects.