Gold Nanomaterials and Composites Based Nanosensors for Agricultural Sectors

Abstract

Gold nanomaterials and composite-based nanosensors have surfaced as pivotal tools of transformation in agricultural sectors, offering advanced solutions for pathogen detection, nutrient monitoring, and abiotic stress management. The nanosensors exploit the special properties inherent in gold nanomaterials, such as high surface-to-volume ratios, exceptional conductivity, and biocompatibility, to provide enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in detecting various agricultural analytes. They enable real-time, on-site monitoring of contaminants, pathogens, and nutrient levels, addressing critical challenges in sustainable agriculture and food security. Recent developments highlight their potential in identifying heavy metals, pesticides, and plant stress markers with unprecedented precision through techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), electrochemical sensing, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, despite these advancements, several challenges remain, including high production costs, environmental concerns, and the need for integration with existing agricultural systems. Ensuring the stability and durability of nanosensors in harsh field conditions, along with the development of eco-friendly synthesis methods, is crucial for their practical application. Moreover, addressing regulatory and consumer acceptance issues is essential for the widespread adoption of these technologies. Future research should focus on enhancing cost-effectiveness, scalability, and field validation to bridge the gap between laboratory prototypes and real-world applications. By overcoming these challenges, gold nanomaterials and composite-based nanosensors can play a pivotal role in revolutionizing modern agriculture, contributing to increased productivity, resource efficiency, and environmental sustainability.