Climate Smart Agronmic Practices for Sustainable Plantation Crop Yield

Abstract

Climate change, resource shortages, and changing pest-disease patterns are putting increasing burden on plantation crops, including coconut, oil palm, coffee, tea, cocoa, rubber, and spices. Climate-smart agronomic practices (CSAPs) are crucial for maintaining yields and farmer livelihoods since they improve production, resilience/adaptation, and mitigation all at once. This study summarizes current research on CSAPs that are relevant to plantation systems, explains how they increase resilience and productivity, assesses supporting tools and regulations, and suggests practical approaches to scale climate-smart plantation management. Digital decision-support tools, precision water and nutrient management, agroforestry and diversification, enhanced planting material and spacing, integrated pest and disease management (IPDM), and soil health management are some of the important CSAPs that were covered. We conclude with suggestions for policy, outreach, and research to hasten adoption while preserving ecological services.