Chemistry of ionic liquid with its classification and applications

Abstract

Ionic liquids have had a wide range of impact in every field of science and technology. Ionic liquids have great potential at academic and industrial levels. The Protonic nature of ionic liquids (ILs) generates electrons at very low irradiation of light. In water splitting, imidazole based ILs generate electron and oxidation-reduction processes occurring and produce hydrogen fuel from water. Cationic and anionic parts are getting a lot of attention in the application of electrochemical processes. ILs are liquid below 100 °C that mobilized ion in the solution. Beyond electrochemical applications, the functionality of ILs is good adsorbent for harmful organic compounds through post-combustion catalysis and also used for extraction, energy production, reproduction of water and so on. ILs may also be useful in organic synthesis instead of organic catalysts such as catalytic conversion of CO2, alkylation, substitution, elimination, acylation, oxidation, addition, esterification, condensation, and halogenation. Because of green synthesis of ILs, these are less toxic in nature.