Digital Economy Under Siege: Cybersecurity Threats and Resilience Strategies

Abstract

The digital economy has revolutionised global commerce, communication, and innovation; however, it has also introduced complex cybersecurity vulnerabilities. As cyber threats increasingly intersect with finance, international law, public health, and national security, effective responses require interdisciplinary strategies that integrate technological, legal, and policy perspectives. This study examines the evolving threat landscape, including ransomware, phishing, supply chain attacks, and advanced persistent threats (APTs), within the context of increasingly integrated, data-driven infrastructures. Drawing on empirical studies, recent case studies, threat reports, and cybersecurity frameworks, it analyzes how cyber incidents disrupt economic activity, erode trust in digital systems, and pose systemic risks to global financial stability. The study further evaluates current policy responses and technical mitigation strategies, highlighting gaps in regulatory oversight and international coordination. The findings emphasise the need for cross-sector collaboration and innovative governance to build a secure and resilient digital economic ecosystem capable of withstanding rapidly evolving cyber threats.