Recent Advances in Sustainable Agriculture: Biochemical Conversion of Agriculture Wastes to Biofuels

Abstract

Increasing global warming affects mankind drastically, even other living beings face severe problems. Continuous usage of fossil fuels leads to air pollution, which contains several harmful particles that can cause negative impacts on the environment and the health of humans. Burning fossil fuels and utilizing them in different activities also lead to their depletion from the earth. To overcome such problems and focus on sustainability, many countries are now utilizing agricultural wastes to produce second-generation biofuels, which act as an alternative to fossil fuels. Conversion of these agricultural wastes to various biofuels is done through multiple approaches, out of which the main and environment-friendly approach is the biochemical conversion of biomass that can produce bioethanol and biogas via fermentation and anaerobic digestion, respectively. Biochemical conversion is a multi-step process with low to zero emission of pollutants.