Roles of Lupeol-Rich Food on Gut Microbiota and Postbiotics in Human Diseases

Abstract

The complex interactions among food, gut microbiota, and human health have emerged as a primary area of research in recent decades. Bioactive chemicals, especially those sourced from plants, exhibit considerable potential in altering gut microbiota composition and function, thus affecting many physiological processes and disease outcomes. Lupeol, a natural triterpenoid prevalent in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has attracted interest due to its various biological roles. Lupeol, traditionally utilized in global medicinal systems, has been scientifically corroborated for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic attributes. The therapeutic efficacy of lupeol, its bioavailability and distribution is essential for host metabolism, immunological response, and overall well-being. The gut microbiota is disrupted in dysbiosis, which is linked to neurological issues, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory bowels. This chapter examines different sources of lupeol and how diets high in lupeol may generate advantageous postbiotics, such as short-chain fatty acids and other microbial metabolites. By comprehending these connections, the diatery interventions can be enhanced to foster gut health and address or avert particular pathological disorders. This chapter also discusses lupeol meadiated activation of various metabolic pathways and cell signaling that manages chronic diseases and enhancing precision nutrition, offering insights into innovative strategies for improving human health by dietary modifications