An Update on Cancer Biology

Abstract

Cancer is a putative disease and leading cause of mortality across the globe. Population-based cancer registries and hospital-based cancer registries collected the data from various parts of India which indicate heterogeneity in cancer prevalence across the various region. The prevalence of cancer incidence was observed highest in the North East than the other region. The prevalence of cancer in Aizawl district was 7 times of Osmanabad and 4 times that Beed district. Preventive measure can avoid not all but some types of cancers. By avoiding exposure to carcinogens such as chemicals and radiations, the risk for most of skin and lung cancers can be minimized. Approximately one-third of mortality caused by cancer is due to tobacco consumption, raised BMI, alcohol intake, and physical inactivity. Vaccination can help in avoiding induction of some cancer types. Cancer-caused by infections, such as human papillomavirus and hepatitis, are responsible for approximately 30% of cancer cases and can be avoided by vaccination. Avoiding consumption of tobacco reduces the risk for nearly 65 types of cancers. Creating awareness and providing appropriate support to strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention can reduce the cancer prevalence in India specially in NE. Policymakers should plan the focused approaches towards monitoring efforts on cancer prevention and control.