Ultrasound-Responsive Delivery Nanoplatforms in Cancer Theranostics

Abstract

Nanotechnology is being used widely because inventive nanocarriers enhance the functionality and effectiveness of chemotherapy. A chemotherapeutic agent released from ultrasonic-responsive nanocarriers is triggered by the vibration of ultrasound (US), which creates microscopic gas bubbles that alter the permeability of cell membranes and raise pressure. This chapter covers new nanomaterials that have been employed for both cancer treatment and diagnostics and are ultrasound sensitive. Deep tissue penetration, spatiotemporal control, and the induction of tumour cell apoptosis and necrosis are all possible with the use of localized, non-ionizing, non-invasive US. US delivery relies mostly on sonoporation, cavitation, and hyperthermia. Drug-loaded nanoparticles may be created with the goals of increasing effectiveness and lowering toxicity. Mesoporous silica nanoplatforms, microbubbles, nanobubbles, micelles, gold nanoparticles, hydrogels, liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers are been covered in depth as theranostic nanocarriers. It can be concluded that nanomaterials may be manufactured in a variety of ways and can be combined to generate hybrids; it will be possible to develop nanostructures that are sensitive to a variety of internal and external triggers. Combining the advantages of external US irradiation with deep tissue penetration is an appealing strategy.