ADVANCEMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN ALL- PEROVSKITE TANDEM SOLAR CELLS: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Abstract

This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth examination of the recent advancements and limitations of all-perovskite tandem solar cells (AP-TSCs) with diverse configurations. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant attention as a promising light absorber material in tandem photovoltaic devices, owing to their tunable bandgaps and robust light absorption capabilities across a broad spectral range of approximately 1.2-2.3 eV. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress achieved in this field, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of reported AP-TSCs remain inadequate for commercial applications, primarily due to the prevalence of defect activities in both the top wide bandgap (WB) and bottom narrow bandgap (NB) metal halide perovskites (MHPs). These defect activities lead to significant energy losses, thereby hindering the attainment of high PCE values. This article presents a critical examination of the distinct instabilities and energy loss channels inherent to WB-MHPs and NB-MHPs, as well as discusses corresponding strategies aimed at mitigating these issues. Furthermore, the impact of the interconnecting layer on the fabrication of high-quality light absorbers via solution-based methods is discussed. A detailed analysis of the unique requirements and methods for device packaging to enhance the stability of AP-TSCs is also provided. Ultimately, this review offers novel perspectives on the primary challenges, favourable circumstances, and heuristic outlooks for future research endeavours in the realm of AP-TSCs. By addressing the existing limitations and challenges, researchers can unlock the full potential of AP-TSCs, paving the way for the development of high-efficiency, stable, and commercially viable tandem solar cells.