Antimicrobial Resistance: An Unknown Threat to Humankind

Abstract

With resistance found to every antibiotic now in clinical use and only a handful of innovative treatments in the development, antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health disaster. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to withstand the effects of antimicrobials is essential for identifying global patterns of resistance, optimising the use of existing medications, designing new medications that are less likely to develop resistance, and developing cutting-edge methods to combat resistance. In this review, we look at recent developments in our knowledge of how resistance genes affect the biology of the host, as well as new structural information on important molecular processes that underlie resistance, various mechanism of resistance and method of destruction of antibiotic through variety of different enzymatic action and other methods involved such as efflux and conformational changes that are adopted by the bacteria and other microorganism to combat antibiotics. Finally, we go over how we can apply this knowledge to create the newest antimicrobial treatments.