Medicinal Fruits and Berries in Cardiovascular Health

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality at the global level, and therefore the need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies beyond the conventional pharmacological treatments. In recent years, there has been a growing concern about scientific evidence that has underlined the significance of diet, mainly the use of medicinal fruits and berries, in the promotion of cardiovascular health. Fruits and berries have been acknowledged to be rich sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, vitamins, dietary fibers, and antioxidants. This chapter explores a comprehensive review of the significance of medicinal fruits and berries in cardiovascular medicine, based on their biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence. The principal mechanisms of action of these agents will also be examined, including the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation, correction of endothelial dysfunction, modulation of lipid metabolism, blood pressure control, and platelet aggregation inhibition. Specific fruits and berries, including blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, pomegranate, grapes, and goji berries, will also be examined for their proven health benefits in cardiovascular medicine. Taken together, the main aim of this chapter is to emphasize the significance of medicinal fruits and berries as a complementary approach to the prevention and treatment of CVDs.