Recent Developments in Mapping Environmental Sustainability of Advanced Biofuel

Abstract

Advanced biofuels, derived from non-food biomass, offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels by utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, algae, and genetically modified organisms. These advanced and renewable biofuels address the challenges of food-fuel conflict, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and are highly resource efficient. The lignocellulosic biofuels can reduce GHG emissions by up to 90% compared to gasoline despite the production complexities. Similarly, algal biofuels or third-generation biofuels, with their high lipid content and adaptability to diverse environments, offer significant potential for sustainable fuel production while contributing to wastewater remediation. Fourth-generation biofuels employ genetic engineering to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yields, driving innovations in biofuel technologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of advanced biofuels, highlighting the sources, and environmental sustainability. Here we have discussed the environmental sustainability of advanced biofuels through life-cycle assessments (LCA), input-output (I-O) analyses, and the evaluation of key indicators such as GHG emissions, water use, and land impact. While advanced biofuels reduce water and land competition, many challenges still remain, including biodiversity loss and resource management. Methodological approaches like attributional and consequential LCAs reveal the trade-offs and systemic impacts of biofuel production, providing insights for sustainable policy development. Overall, advanced biofuels present a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions and achieving energy sustainability, though further research and technological advancements are essential to address environmental and socioeconomic challenges.