Preharvest Factors Affecting and Postharvest Quality in Horticultural Crops

Abstract

The quality of horticultural crops is significantly influenced by both preharvest and postharvest factors, which affect their marketability, nutritional value, and shelf life. Preharvest factors such as climate, soil conditions, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, and pest management play a crucial role in determining the initial quality of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Genetic factors, cultivar selection, and cultural practices also impact the biochemical composition, texture, and appearance of produce. Postharvest quality is further influenced by handling, storage conditions, packaging, and transportation. Factors such as temperature management, humidity control, and postharvest treatments can either extend or shorten the shelf life of horticultural commodities. Understanding the interplay between preharvest and postharvest factors is essential for optimizing crop quality, reducing postharvest losses, and ensuring consumer satisfaction. This paper explores the key preharvest and postharvest factors that affect the quality of horticultural crops and suggests strategies for maintaining optimal produce quality from farm to market.