Role of Medicinal Plant-Derived Nanoparticles Against Chronic Diseases

Abstract

Medicinal herbs have been discovered to contain medicinal properties, and the development in nanotechnology has improved their efficiency toward healing chronic diseases. This chapter discusses the synthesis and use of nanoparticles (MPNPs) from medicinal plants for treating diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation. These nanoparticles are more bioavailable, site-directed, and less systemically toxic, avoiding the limitations of conventional treatment. The primary mechanisms of action include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, as well as modulating key cellular pathways. The chapter also emphasizes pioneering nanoparticle synthesis approaches, including green and biogenic synthesis, and highlights their benefits as scalable and eco-friendly. Stability concerns, regulatory implications, and clinical translation are also discussed, along with directions for future studies to maximize the potential of MPNPs in personalized medicine.