The Road from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0: Overview on History Aspects

Abstract

The onset of the industrial revolution in the 18th century has witnessed tremendous strides in the new economy. For centuries products and weapons were labour intensive and handmade, which includes guns, tools, food, clothes, and homes, which were crafted or used from work by animals. However, this method improved in the late 18th century with the introduction of the industrial revolution. Development in Industry 1.0 was the climbing stone leading up to the next manufacturing age known as Industry 4.0. The summary of this evolution will be discussed here. This article takes a theoretical approach to looking at Industry 4.0 as the Fourth generation. Industry Internet also known as Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution, which is evolving all around the globe. In this article, we study the landscape of Industry 4.0 and beyond empowered by the seamless collaboration of Information Technology (IT), Internet of Things (IOT), Artificial Intelligence (Al), Industrial Internet (4.0), Digitalization and Integration. Specifically, IOT collaboration is regarded as a main improvement of Industry 4.0 compared to the previous industrial revolutions. The summary of these evolutions will be discussed here. We commence by reviewing the previous three industrial revolutions ie. Industry 1.0 (Mechanical Era), Industry 2.0 (Electric Era). Industry 3.0 (Digital Era) and Industry 4.0 (Smart Era) where we argue that the key feature of Industry 4.0 is the Al and IOT collaboration known as the smart era. The study tries to identify three key elements of each Industrial Revolution to deepen understanding of the era which are technological, economic and demographic changes. It has been studied in the article that the introduction of Industry 4.0 has witnessed new innovations, technical advancements, governmental policies and emerging markets work in alignment. This, an Industry 4.0 production system is flexible enabling individualized and customized products. The aim of this paper is to present and facilitate an understanding of Industry 4.0 concepts, its drivers, enablers, goals and limitations.