Nanofertilizers for Plant Nutrition

Abstract

In a startling saga of agricultural overabundance, the once-fertile soil has suffered greatly from the pervasive use of synthetic fertilizers in contemporary agricultural practices, which has severely depleted its essential nutrients and irreversibly damaged the vital equilibrium of the surrounding environment. Overuse of these fertilizers degrades soil quality, pollutes the environment, disturbs agrarian ecosystems, and deposits residue on agricultural products. Moreover, between 50 and 70% of the nutrients including potassium, phosphate, and nitrogen are lost from the soil before they can be used. Nanoparticles regulate nutrient delivery, making nanofertilizers more economical and efficient than conventional fertilizers. A new class of fertilizers called nanofertilizers makes use of cutting-edge nanotechnology to offer a potent and eco-friendly approach to crop fertilization. They ensure that nutrients are distributed uniformly over an extended period of time with their regulated nutrient delivery system, providing plants that provide a consistent flow of vital components. Because it requires less fertilizer and less frequent management, the regulated discharge technology works better than standard fertilizers. In agriculture, nanotechnology is primarily utilized to enhance crop yields, reduce losses, and stimulate plants to defend against pests, insects, and environmental challenges. Nanofertilizers have shown promising results in various plant species, whether applied topically or in the soil. Most nanomaterials are precursors of macro- and micronutrients and their nanoscale properties. This chapter explores new approaches to using them as crop growth promoters, as well as how to apply and incorporate them into plant matter. It also discusses future concerns and possible drawbacks for the commercial implementation of nanofertilizers in agriculture.