Role of Glycerol in Biofuel Production

Abstract

The rapid expansion of biodiesel production has significantly increased glycerol generation as a major byproduct. Due to its surplus and low cost, glycerol is now recognized as a strategic raw material for advancing sustainable biofuels. This chapter explores glycerol’s versatile role in biofuel production, highlighting its chemical properties, sources, and conversion pathways. The emphasis is placed on its transformation into fuels, additives, and high-value biochemicals through biochemical, thermochemical, and microbial processes. Glycerol-derived compounds such as solketal, glycerol ethers, and esters show promise as fossil fuel additives, enhancing engine performance and reducing emissions. Techno-economic and life cycle assessments underline the economic and environmental advantages of glycerol valorization. Furthermore, its integration into circular bioeconomy models supports resource efficiency and waste reduction. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including glycerol impurities, scalability issues, and regulatory hurdles. This chapter concludes by outlining emerging technologies, policy frameworks, and research directions to fully harness glycerol’s potential in sustainable energy systems.