Anatomisation of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Dynamics with a Focus on Land Surface Temperature in Lucknow City Using Geospatial Techniques

Abstract

Rapid augmentation in urban areas throughout the world has become an inescapable phenomenon. As the population continues to grow, the geological boundaries are extending too. This study focuses completely on improvements in urbanised urban communities and their development with the assistance of spatial variation utilising time-series satellite data and statistically generated models to observe the pattern of LULC transition over the last 19 years of one of the most expeditiously urbanising cities of India: Lucknow. The classification report indicated an expansion of 96.51 sq. km of built-up area and shrinkage in covers of agricultural land and vegetation spread. To gauge the changing spatial patterns in urban expansion, the Shannon Entropy Index technique is applied over the chosen time frame dependent on LULC change and a statistical approach. The perception we got from this study depends on classification and statistically created models of satellite data. The land surface temperature (LST) is additionally depicted to discover the impacts of urban sprawl on nearby temperatures. General increases of 3.26℃ and 2.01℃ were seen in the minimum and maximum temperature, respectively, from 2000 to 2019. LST is also correlated with the vegetation index (NDVI), built-up index (NDBI), and water index (MNDWI). The total increase of the population and an unsustainable expansion rate of urban sprawl in the study area illustrates the elevation in LST.