Ferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals and its Applications

Abstract

This chapter offers a thoughtful overview of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), guiding readers through their journey from initial discovery to their current role in cutting-edge display technologies. It begins by introducing the basic physical concepts behind ferroelectricity in liquid crystals, particularly focusing on how chirality and layered molecular arrangements in chiral smectic phases give rise to their unique behavior. These materials stand out for their spontaneous polarization, rapid response, and bistable states—features that make them ideal candidates for high-performance display applications. We then revisit some of the key breakthroughs in the field, especially the development of the surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) configuration in the 1980s. This innovation marked a turning point by addressing alignment challenges and unlocking the potential for practical, stable devices. The chapter also explores more recent advancements, including efforts to fine-tune material properties, optimize alignment layers, and develop driving schemes that support fast switching and smooth gray scale rendering. In closing, we highlight how ongoing research continues to push the boundaries of what FLCs can do, positioning them as vital components in the future of responsive and energy-efficient display technologies.